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mented their emperors and great men, 

 after their death, with a place among the 

 gods. It is described as follows : after 

 the body of the deceased had been burnt 

 with the usual solemnities, an image of 

 wax, exactly resembling him, was placed 

 on an ivory couch, where it lay for seven 

 days, attended by the senate and ladies of 

 the highest quality in mourning; and 

 then the young senators and knights bore 

 the bed of state through the Via sacra to 

 the old Forum, and from thence to the 

 Campus Martius, where it was deposited 

 upon an edifice built in form of a pyra- 

 mid. The bed being thus placed, amidst 

 a quantity of spices and other combusti- 

 bles, and the knights having made a pro- 

 cession in solemn measure round the pile, 

 the new emperor, with a torch in his hand, 

 set fire to it, while an eagle, let fly from 

 the top of the building, and mounting in 

 the air with a firebrand, was supposed to 

 convey the soul of the deceased to hea- 

 ven, and thenceforward he was ranked 

 among the gods. 



APOTOME, in geometry, the differ- 

 ence between two incommensurable lines : 

 thus, E C, (Plate Miscel. fig. 6.) is the 

 apotome of A C and A B. 



If we suppose A C = a, and A B = b. 

 then will their apotome be a ^/ b ; or, 

 in numbers, 2 ^/ 3. Hence also the 

 difference between the side A C = 2 

 (fig. 7.) of an equilateral triangle ABC, 

 and the perpendicular B D = ^/ 3 is an 

 apotome, Wr. =2 ^/ 3. And uni- 

 versally, if A C (fig. 8.) be a semi-parabo- 

 la, whose axis is A B, and its lattis rec- 

 tum = 1, and if A D be a tangent to the 

 vertex at A, and this be divided into the 

 parts A a = 2, A b = 3, A r = 5, A d= 

 6, &c. and perpendiculars a 1, b 2, r 3, d 4, 

 &c. be drawn, these will be, from the na- 

 ture of the curve, ^/ 2, ^/ 3, ^/ 5, v/ 6, 

 &c. respectively : and so ^ A a (== 1) 

 a 1, will be 1 v/ 2 : A a b 2 will be 

 2 \/3, &c. by which means you will 

 have an infinite series of different apo- 

 tome s. 



APOTOMK, in music, the difference be- 

 tween a greater and lesser semi-tone, ex- 

 pressed by the ratio 128 : 125. 



APPARATUS, a term used to denote a 

 romplete set of instruments, orotheruten- 

 .sils, belonging to any artist or machine : 

 thus we say, a surgeons' apparatus, a che- 

 mist's apparatus, the apparatus of the 

 air-pump, microscope, &c. 



APPARENT, among mathematicians 

 and astronomers, denotes things as they 

 appear to us, in contradistinction from 

 real or true : thus we say, the apparent 



diameter, distance, magnitude, place, fig* 

 ure, &.c. of bodies. 



APPARITOR, among the Romans, a 

 general term to comprehend all attend- 

 ants of judges and magistates appointed 

 to receive and execute their orders. Ap- 

 paritor, with us, is a messenger, that 

 serves the process of a spiritual court, or 

 a beadle in an university, who carries the 

 mace. 



APPAUMEE, in heraldry, denotes one 

 hand extended with the full palm appear- 

 ing, and the thumb and fingers at full 

 length. 



APPEAL, in law, the removal of a 

 cause from an inferior to a superior court 

 or judge, when a person thinks himself 

 aggrieved by the sentence of the inferior 

 judge. Appeals lie from all the ordinary 

 courts of justice to the House of Lords. 

 In ecclesiastical causes, if an appeal is 

 brought before a bishop, it may be remov- 

 ed to the archbishop ; if before an arch- 

 deacon, to the Court of Arches, and 

 thence to the archbishop ; and from the 

 archbishop's court to the king in chancery 



Appeal, in common law, is taken for 

 the accusation of a murderer by a person 

 who had interest in the party killed ; or 

 of a felon by an accomplice. It is prosecu- 

 ted either by writ or by bill : by writ, when 

 a writ is purchased out of the Chancery 

 by one person against another, command- 

 ing him to appeal some third person of 

 felony, and to find pledges for doing it ef- 

 fectually ; by bill, when the person him- 

 self gives in his accusation in writing, of- 

 fering to undergo the burden of appeal- 

 ing the person therein named. 



In military affairs, an appeal might for- 

 merly be made by the prosecutor, or pri- 

 soner, from the sentence or jurisdiction of 

 a regimental to a general court-martial. 

 At present no soldier has a right to ap- 

 peal, except in cases where his immedi- 

 ate subsistence is concerned. 



APPEARANCE, in law, signifies a de- 

 fendant's filing a common or special bail 

 on any process issued out of a court of 

 judicature. In actions by original, ap- 

 pearances arc entered with the philazer of 

 the county ; and by bill, with the protho- 

 notary. Defendants may appear in per- 

 son, where the party stands in contempt, 

 for the court will not permit him to ap- 

 pear by attorney : also in capital and cri- 

 minal cases : where an act of parliament 

 requires that the party should appear in 

 person, and likewise in appeal, or on at- 

 tachment : by attorney, in all actions, real, 

 personal, and mixed, and for any crime 

 whatever under the degree of capital, by 



