ARCHITECTURE. 



'.f inferior classes may have mcx- 

 /.amncs or inter- 



In buildings, u lu- re- beauty and in 

 d to economy , ;l 

 Hint galleries may be r;i', 

 occupy two si ,' unsure fr 



ly raised thn [-the whole height 



it' the building, and ha\ ;, round 



their interior at the height <; 



ig with the various parti 



building. 



When rooms are adorned with an en- 

 tin order, the entablature may occupy 

 in height from OIK- -sixth to one-seventh of 

 that of the room ; if the entablature be 

 without columns, it may have from one- 

 seventh to one-eighth. If a cornice, fri/e, 

 and astragal, are evented, its height may 

 be eq.ial to a tenth ; and if only a cornice, 

 its height may be from a twentieth to a 

 thirtieth part of that of the room. In 

 general, all interior proportions and deco- 

 rations must be less, and more delicate 

 than those of the exterior. Architraves, 

 in most cases, should not be above one- 

 -rvcnth of the width. 



rs. The figures of ceilings are 

 either flat or coved : coved ceilings either 



' oncavity around the margins, and 

 are flat in the middle, or have a vaulted 

 surface. (See VAULTS). Ceilings, that 

 are coved and Hat, may occupy from 

 one-fifth to a fourth part of the height 

 of the room : the principal sections of 

 vaulted ceilings may be of vario: 

 ments, equal to, or less than semicircles, 

 re, may he mos: suitable to the height of 

 -.ings are adorned with 

 large compartments, or foliages, and other 

 ornanii umparUnent 



ceilings are either formed 

 mouldings on the surface, or by ( : 

 ing the pannels within the moulded inclo- 

 sure, which may be partly raised upon, 

 and partly recessed within the framing 

 or entirely recessed: the figures of the 

 pannci- ii-eular, 



or elliptical. The ceilings of 'die porti- 

 t-os and of the interior of ancient temples 

 are comparted, and the pannels 

 d ; the prominent parts i 

 them representing the ancient manner of 

 framing the beams of wood which -oin- 

 , the mouldings on the 

 sides of the pannels are sunk, by one, 

 two, or several decrees, like i 

 steps, and the bottoms of pannels: 

 frequently decorated \\ith roses; the 

 figures of these compartnu ;r 

 equilateral, and equiangular. T 







iiexagons, and octagons, in great abun- 

 dance. The framing around the pa.ane.ls 

 VOL. I 



in Roman antiquity is constantly p. 



. when 



introduced. other 



,-ons will join in conti- 



ith one another, or form the in- 

 liiuteral tri- 

 natunilly form ; 

 i their own iigur 



squares in the interstices : this kind of 

 compartment is called e 'id the 



d parts coffers, which an.- used not 

 only in plain ceilings, but also in cylindri- 

 cal vaults. Tin- borders of the coffer- 

 ing are generally terminated with belts, 

 charged most frequently \\ith foliage; 

 and sometimes again the foliage is bor- 

 dered with guillochis, as in the temple of 



at Rome. In the ceiling of the 

 entire temple at Balbec, cofi 

 posed around the cylindrical vault, in one 

 row rising over each intercolumi 

 between every row of cofleis is a [., 

 ing belt, ornamented with a guillochi, 

 corresponding with two semi-attached co- 

 lumns in the same vertical plane, one co- 

 lumn supporting each springing of the 

 belt. The moderns also follow the same- 

 practice in their cupolas and cradle 

 vaults, ornamenting them with coffers 

 and belts : t'i d with 



lilloi-liis, or folia.. pannels 



..unented with roses, and large ones 

 with foliage, or historical subjects, in a 

 variety of different ma.i 



The grounds may be jiilt and tl 

 naments white, partly coloured, or streak- 

 ed with gold ; or the ornaments may be 

 gilt and the grounds white, pi-avl, straw - 

 colour, light-blue, or any tint that mav 

 .vith the ornaiii 

 nainted either \\ holly, or in 

 various compartments only : when 

 ing is painted in representation of a sky, 

 it ought either to be upon a plane or 

 sphtTi' . -il:ng coved and 



flat, with the plane painted 

 the sk\ . :uely improper, as thf 



cove represents the h., ' "h upon 



room, it will seem as iT 

 falling, from the \\ ant of an apparent sup- 

 port in the middle, unh ss the ceiling rise 

 from a circular p! 



medi- 



ous arched forms practised b\ the an- 

 they do not > much 



u ithtr 

 id. Vault 



- 

 but UK greater 



