CRA 



CKA 



Hardie. We consider it a contrivance of 

 great utility, and likely to prove extreme- 

 ly useful. 



Fig. 4, is an elevation of a crane at 

 Queenhithe whurf, London. A B is a 

 very strong upright beam, firmly bolted 

 to beams running inland, and further se- 

 cured by curved stays D : a d e is a cast- 

 iron frame, bolted to the beam at one 

 end and the stays D at the other. This 

 forms the frame for the wheelwork, which 

 is the same as fig. 1 ; the chain, after 

 going round the roll, goes over a large 

 wheel f t and passes through the beam 

 to the jib. E is a cast-iron frame, bolted 

 to the top of the beam A B ; to receive 

 the upper pivot of the jib, g is one of the 

 small pulleys, round which the chain 

 bends when the jib is turned overland 

 to raise or lower goods. F is another 

 cast-iron frame, to support the lower pi- 

 vot of the jib, and G is a pile bolted to it, 

 to assist. A few boards nailed over the 

 two stays D forms a cover for the whole 

 machinery, and defends the wheel-work. 

 The jib and its iron-work will be under- 

 stood by inspection of the figure. All 

 cranes where chains are used for hoisting 

 the goods should have barrels, with a 

 spiral groove cut in them, and the lower 

 half of the chain lay in the groove, as 

 in fig. 5. This was applied, in 1789, by 

 Mr. John Smeaton, to a crane designed 

 by him, and executed in the Wool-quay, 

 Custom-house, and found to be a great 

 advantage. In 1805 Mr. Gilbert Gitpin 

 received the Silver Medal of the Society 

 of Arts for the same invention, without 

 perhaps knowing it had been used before. 

 The pulleys should also be grooved, to 

 receive the lower half of the links of the 

 chain in the same manner. 



CRANICH[9,in botany, a genus of the 

 Gynandria Diandria class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Orchideae. Essential cha- 

 racter : nectary galeated. There are five 

 species, all natives of Jamaica. 



CRAN1OLARIA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Didynamia Angiospermia class and 

 order. Natural order of Personatac. Big- 

 nonix, Jussieu. Essential character: ca- 

 lyx double of the flower ; perianth four- 

 leaved ; spathe one-leaved ; corolla tube 

 very long ; capsule of martynia. There 

 is but one species, viz. C. annua, found in 

 the neighbourhood of Carthage na in New 

 Spain. 



CRANIUM. See ANATOMY. 



CRANK, a contrivance in machines, in 

 manner of an elbow,' only of a square 

 form, projecting from a spindle, and serv- 



ing, by its rotation, to raise and fall the 

 pistons of engines. 



CHAN K likewise denotes the iron sup- 

 port for a lantern, or the like ; also the 

 iron made fast to a stock of a bell for 

 ringing it. 



In the sea-language, a ship is said to be 

 crank-sided when she can bear but small 

 sail, for fear of oversetting ; and when a 

 ship cannot be brought on the ground 

 without danger, she is said to be crank 

 by the ground. 



CHANZIA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Essential character: calyx five-parted; 

 petals five ; nectary none ; berried cap- 

 sule. There is but one species, viz. C. 

 aculeata, a prickly shrub ; leaves ter- 

 nate with pellucid dots; fruit dotted 

 like the orange. Native of the East In- 

 dies. 



CRAPE, in commerce, a kind of stuff' 

 made in the manner of gauze, with raw 

 silk gummed and twisted on the mill. 



CRASPEDIA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Syngenesia Polygamia Segregata. 

 Essential character : calycle none ; ca- 

 lyx imbricate ; florets in depressed bun- 

 dles, all hermaphrodite, tubular ; down 

 feathered ; receptacle chaffy. One spe- 

 cies, viz. C. uniflora, a native of New 

 Zealand. 



CRASSULA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Pentagynia class and or- 

 der. Natural order of Succulentae. Sem- 

 pervivac, Jussieu. Essential character .- 

 calyx one leafed, five cleft ; petals five ; 

 nectareous scales five at the base of the 

 germ ; capsule five, many -seeded. There 

 are sixty-tour species. 



CRATJEGUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Icosandria Digynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Pomace*. Rosace as, 

 Jussieu. Essential character : calyx five 

 cleft; petals five; berry inferior, two 

 seeded. There are twenty -three species. 

 This genus consists chiefly of shrubs or 

 trees, hardy and deciduous; leaves sim- 

 ple, undivided, or lobed; peduncles in 

 most species many flowered ; corymbed 

 terminating, and solitary from tin- axils ; 

 corollas white, appearing in May and 

 June, and succeeded by red berries in 

 autumn. 



CRATER, in astronomy, aconstcllation 

 of the southern hemisphere. See AS- 

 TRONOMY. 



CRATEVA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Dodecandria Monogynia class and 

 .order. Natural order of Putamine*. 

 Capparides, Jussieu. Essential charac- 



