THE 



ENVELOPES. 



71 



is said to be MONOPETALOUS. If the parts remain dis- 

 tinct, the corolla is called POLYPKTALOUS. In strict lan- 

 guage there is no such thing as a monopetalous corolla ; 

 but the terms are used to express a flower of one or more 

 apparent divisions, for convenience, and for want of bet- 

 ter forms. 



390. The parts of a aionopetalous corolla are 



(1) THE TUBE, or hollow cylinder, as seen at t, fig. 

 1, Plate XXIII. ; 



(2) THE THROAT, or opening of the tube ; and 



(3) THE LIMB, or expansion of the tube into a bor- 

 der, as at Z in the same figure. 



MONOPETALOCS FORMS. 



391. The principal of these are the Salver-form, the 

 Rotate, the Campanulate, the Funnel-form, the Labiate, 

 and the Tubular. 



392. THE SALVER-FORM (Hypocrateriform) is so 

 called because it resembles an ancient drinking-glass. It 

 has a long tube expanded into a conspicuous border, as 

 in Phlox and the Tobacco, fig. 1. 



393. THE ROTATE (wheel-form) corolla has a very 

 short tube, with five well defined segments, or divisions 

 of the limb, as in the Mullein, fig. 7. 



' 7 o 



394. THE CAMFANCLATE (bell-form) corolla has the 

 tube gradually expanding into a bell shape, as in the 

 Harebell, fig. 6. 



395. THE FUNNEL-FORM (infundibuliform), after a 

 gradual enlargement of the tube, suddenly expands into 

 a spreading border, as in the Morning-Glory and the 

 Petunia, fig. 2. 



396. THE LABIATE-FORM (having lips) has a more or 

 less expansive and deeply cloven tube, with its segments 

 swelling outward, so as to bear a strong resemblance to 

 the mouth of animals. Of this form there are two 

 varieties 



(1) PERSONATE, with the throat closed, as in the 

 Snapdragon, fig. 3 ; and 



(2) RINGENT, with the throat open, as in fig. 4. 

 The last form distinguishes the Mint tribe. 



397. In the TUBULAR form, the corolla is drawn out 

 into a long tube, with very little expansion, as in some 

 species of Honeysuckle, one of which is seen at fig. 5. 



POLYPETALOUS FORMS. 



398. When the petals remain obviously separate, the 

 corolla is POLYPETALOUS. A petal has two parts 



How wl Hi they are free P Parta of a Mooopetalous Corolla. DeQne, and 

 point out curb. Principal Monopetalous forms. Define each, with its ezplana-. 



(1) THE LAMINA, or expanded portion, as at I, fig. 9 ; 

 and 



* 



(2) THE CLAW, or part by which it is inserted, as at 

 c, in the same figure. 



399. The principal forms of the polypetalous corolla 

 are the Cruciform, Caryophyllaceous, Rosaceous Lilia- 

 ceous, and Papilionaceous. 



400. THE CRUCIFORM corolla consists of four petals 

 in the form of a cross, as in the Wall-flower, fig. 8. A 

 large natural Order, Cruciferae, has its name, and is 

 chiefly distinguished by this circumstance. These plants, 

 in common language, are called the Cress tribe, and 

 they embrace the Cabbage, Mustard, Gilliflower, and 

 many others. The fruit is either a short pod (silicle), as 

 at fig. 10, or a long pod (silique), fig. 11. 



401. THE CARYOPHYLLACEOUS COROLLA distinguishes 

 the Pink tribe. In this there are five petals with a 

 spreading lamina, and a very long slender claw, as in the 

 Carnation, fig. 12, and the Sweet William, fig. 18. 



402. THE ROSACEOUS FORM has five petals, with a 

 very short claw, and a rounded spreading border, as in 

 the Rose, Apple, and Strawberry, fig. 13. Some of the 

 fruits belonging to this type are seen at figs. 19, 20, 

 and 21. 



403. THE PAPILIONACEOUS FORM (butterfly-shaped) 

 has five unequal and dissimilar petals. It distinguishes 

 plants of the Pea tribe, and is seen at fig. 14. The 

 upper and most expanded petal is called the BANNER, as 

 at s^, fig. 14; the side petals are termed WINGS; and 

 the lower petal, car, is termed the KEEL, from the re- 

 semblance to that part of a ship. The line of separation 

 between the keel and wings is not well defined in the 

 figure ; but the form is a familiar one, and can best be 

 studied from Nature. The fruit of a papilionaceous 

 corolla is either a Legume, fig. 22, or a Loment, fig. 

 15. 



404. THE LILIACEOUS COROLLA consists of six divi- 

 sions expanding into something like a bell form, as in the 

 Lily, fig. 16. It is now usually termed a Perianth. 



405. When the divisions of a corolla all correspond 

 it is called REGULAR, as in the Wall-flower, Carnation, 

 and Strawberry, figs. 8, 12, and 13. When they do not 

 all correspond, but vary in size or shape, it is IRREGULAR, 

 as in figs. 1, 4, and 5, Plate XXIV. ; and when it wants 

 any part which analogy leads us to expect, it is DEFEC- 

 TIVE, as in the Amorpha, which is apparently a papilio- 

 naceous flower with the banner only, all its other pet 

 appearing torn off, and the Rittera, fig. 11, which has 



Hon. Parts of a petal. Polypetalous forms. Define each. When Is the Co- 

 rolla Regular Irregular Defective? Instances. 



