N 



ANALYTICAL CLASS-BOOK OF BOTAXY. 



chains of Winter are broken, and the transient summer 

 appears. Lichens and Mosses are abundant; and this is 

 styled the Region of Mosses and Saxifrages. In the 

 southern part of this zone, on the extreme limits of cul- 

 ture, in Lapland, Barley is grown. 



523. REGION OF LINNAEUS. This unites with the 

 last at the line where Birches, in the form of low shrubs 

 or bushes, begin to appear, gradually becoming more like 

 arborescent forms, until Pines and their kindred tribes 

 are mingled with them, giving their name to the region, 

 which is often called the ZONE OF CONIFERS. It includes 

 all Northern Asia and Europe, except what was taken up 

 by the last. Firs, Pines, and Larches, form immense 

 tracts of forest land; deciduous trees (315), as we ad- 

 vance, are intermingled with these ; the Willow and Al- 

 der, with a variety of Sedges, skirt the brook-sides; the 

 Cranberry flourishes in boggy soils, and the Cloudberry 

 and Currant in more genial situations. The Reindeer 

 Li'-hcii and Iceland MOBS, which is also a Lichen, over- 

 spread the dry hills ; and along with the tufted vegeta- 

 tion of the extreme North, appear the Cress and Fennel 

 triU'-, with some of the Composite, as the Dandelion and 

 Lettuce. In the lower regions of Lapland and Siberia, 

 Appears beside the Barley, but is confined to favor- 

 able seasons. In Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia, 

 it is the staple bread corn, and Buckwheat is cultivated 

 to a considerable extent. Again, in the north of England 

 and Germany Wheat appears, and thence southward is the 

 chief grain cultivated over that large tract of the continent 

 stretching away to the Caspian Sea. In the neighbor- 

 hood of Drontheim, a city of Norway, 270 miles north- 

 west of Stockholm, fruits begin to be cultivated. Soon 

 after this the Oak appears, and vegetation gradually ex- 

 pands into a rich and varied Flora, marked by the luxuri- 

 ant Meadows and broad Heaths of England, the Moors of 

 Scotland, and the Salt Steppes of Russia. In Zealand, 

 the beautiful and fertile island on which the capital of 

 Denmark is situated, the first woods of Beech appear, 

 and Rye is accompanied by Wheat. In about the lati- 

 tude of Fraiikfort-on-thc-.Malne, the noble Chestnut is 

 first met with ; and the Lime, Elm, and other deciduous 

 trees, beautify the scene. The Hop, Clematis, and Ivy, 

 foreshadow the climbers of the tropics ; the dense and 

 gloomy shadow of furzes is alternated by verdant mca- 



What other name of the region? Where dot* Hurley first appear? Nam* 

 of the nest torn wboee region? Define lu limit*. Hy what chiefly dtoln- 

 (vWiedt Wht Lichen? Wbt other pirate? What grain appears beside 

 the Barley? 1 1 what countries b Bye the staple bread corn? What other 

 bread earn ! . cultivated? Where dnea Wh.-at first appear? V 

 Fmlu begin to be cultivated? When does tho Oak flnt appear the first 

 Beech woods the Cbeatant the Lime and Elm ? What climbers ai.d what 

 dotbeypnfifsn? What grest changes In vegetation? What plant with pur- 



dows and richly cultivated fields; extensive vineyard? 

 ripen their purple clusters in the mellowing sunbeams; 

 Man has usurped the dominion of Nature ; and a general 

 cultivation, at least of the European side, is manifest. 

 But we have reached the southern limits of this zon< 

 in crossing the great natural barrier of Caucasus and tin- 

 Alps, we arrive at the 



524. ZONK OF EVERGREEN WOODS (Hi. 

 of De Candollc). It is distinguished by the alms 

 of evergreen trees, with coriaceous or shining lca\ 



'range and Myrtle, which arc intermingled with the 

 graceful Palmetto of the tropics, and the Mint and Pink 

 tribes among herbaceous plants. The Narcissus ami 

 Hyacinth bloom in spring; the clambering Vim- hangs 

 its purpling fruit among the glossy foliage of the woods ; 

 and the gorgeous Trumpet-flower, equally as] tiring, relieves 

 the deep shadow with its flaming tubes. Here Wheat is 

 the principal bread corn, and is accompanied by Mai/.e; 

 the Olive and Grape attain tlu-ir highest perfection, and 

 some of the tropical fruits begin to be cultivated in tin- 

 open air. This region embraces Southern Switzerland, 

 Southern France, Spain, with all the -Treat JJasin stretch- 

 ing away from the Alps to the Atlas, including the three 

 peninsulas of Southern Europe, Northern Africa as far 

 as tho Deserts, a considerable portion of Asia Minor, the 

 Canaries, and the Azores. 



525. JAPANESE REGION. The temperate regions of 

 Asia, including China, Chinese Tartary, and Japan, pro- 

 bably form a peculiar region, but their Flora is little 

 known. What facts have come to light show a resem- 

 blance to the New World not less than to the Old. We. 

 find also a growing likeness to the tropical and Indian 

 Floras, in the Banian, Palm, and Ginger tribes; and 

 from the prevalence of such plants, it has been termed 

 the Region of Honeysuckles and Buckthorns. 



526. TIIK OUIKNTAL TROPICAL ZONK. This extend.-) 

 overboth of the Indian peninsulas, and over the Islands 

 between Asia and New Holland. Here we find the 

 great Fig tree extending itself into a forest ; the aromatic 

 Li lie-, such as Cardamom and Ginger; the Spice-trees, 

 Cinnamon, Clove, and Nutmeg; the Sugar-cane, Indigo 

 plant, and Cotton. Rice is the staple bread corn, while 

 the lofty and noble Palm trees give their peculiar char- 

 acter to the landscape. 



pie fruit? Southern limit of this zone? Name of next lone wboeo region ? 

 By what dlsUnpilibed ? What tribes among herbs ? Wunt climber* ? Tho 

 principal bread corn by what accompanied? Define tho limits of the zone? 

 W hat of Ita tropical frnlu? Name of the next region ? What countries In- 

 cluded? What do IU plants resemble ? What resemblance to troplr.v 

 What to the rcfton called? Why? Name of the next zone? Define IK 

 limit*. Enumerate Ita characteristic plant*. Staple bread corn ? Characteris- 

 tic tr; 



