106 



ORHRU I. I! ' 



1VATION OP 8PECIMESS. 



It U usual Air BoUnltU to prasenre dried specimens of all the plants of (Mr 

 acquaintance, tar the sake of baring them to refer to it their leisure, A good 

 specimen cS the snullsr kOTbaosons plants comprehends the whole. Including 

 OK root. Bat In CM* of targe herbs, or tree*, tach a portion of the item It 

 taken a> will Sttffleiently represent the leaves, flowers, and fnilL When, how- 

 crer, the fruits or seeds an too larre to be praated, they should be preserved 

 separately, together with pieces oflie wood of arborasoent sped** 



The next object Is to extract the moliture. This Is done by lairing them In 

 sheets of soft bibulous paper, with six or eight thickness*, of the same, inter- 

 posed between. Then lay the pile between two perfectly lerel boards, and 

 . subject them to a strong pressure, yet not sufficient to crush their parts. Every 



day all the sheets, excepting tlioao containing the plants, should be chaniod, 

 snil their place supplied by other*, fresh and dry. In a few days, varying with 

 the nature of Ihe plants, they will be ready to remove from the press. 



These specimens thus prepared, are attached hv white frlue . 

 to a separate sheet, or a half sheet, of fine white firm paper. Ti . Ilutanleal 

 name, locality, and any circumstance you may wish to preserve, are 

 the corner. The sheets are now to be arranged aeouraus; to their genera and 

 species. They may be collected in folios, or lie fist, preaerfaj on the shelves 

 of a cabinet; bat In all cases they must be kept In a pen. 

 odorous substance, such as camphor-gum, or musk, should be placed among 

 them, to preserve them from Insects. Such a collection Is usually termed an 

 RZCBAUOH. 



ORDERS OF THE NATURAL SYSTEM. 



SERIES L PH^INOGAMIA. 



Plants with a regular axis of growth, usually furnished with 

 proper leaves and real flowcre, which contain proper stamens, or 

 pistils, or both, and produce real seeds containing an embryo, 

 destined, by germination, to become a future plant. 



CLASS L EXOGEN-iE. 



Plants whose stems are more or less capable of being distin- 

 guished into an external bark, a central pith, and an intervening 

 portion which in perennial stems is woody, and is increased by 

 annual layers next tlic bark, which also increases by annual 

 layers on the inside. Leaves net-veined. Flowers, when sym- 

 metrical, with their parts in fives or fours, rarely in threes. Seeds 

 with two or more opposite, or verticillate cotyledons. 



SUB-CLASS L AXOIO8PERM.E. 



Ovules inclosed in a proper ovary, and fertilized by the pol- 

 len through a proper stigma. Cotyledons two. 



SECTION L FOLTPCTALA. 



Flowers with at least two series of floral envelopes, and the 

 corolla consisting of several distinct petals. 



PoJypetalous Plants not included under Polypetalee. 



Order LXVIIL Ericaceto. Leaves, when present, alternate, 

 simple. Flowers perfect. Petal* equal, 4 or 6. Stamens 8 or 

 10, distinct Style 1. Shrubs ; or else acaulesccnt, or leafless 

 1.. rl. 



Order LXIX. Aquifoliaceaj. Shrubs. Petals 6, linear. 

 Stamens 6, distinct. Stigmas 8 or 4. 



Order LXXIV. I'liitnbaginaccie. Acquiescent herbs. Sta- 

 mens 5. Styles 6. 



Order XCI. Oleaocn-. Shrubs. Stamens 2. Petals 4, linear. 



Order CV1I. Euphorbiaceie. Evergreen shrubs, with monoe- 

 cious flowers. 



Order CIX. Juglandacete. Trees with monoecious flowers ; 

 the barren flowers in amenta. 



Folypetala! proper. 



GROUP 1. Leaves flat, in aquatic species much dissected, 

 alternate, or all radical, rarely opposite or vertieillate. Sepals 

 distinct, 3 or more. Corolla regular or irregular. Stamens in- 

 Mrted on the receptacle, distinct, more than 10 ; or else 6 or 8, 

 and opposite the 6 or 8 equal petals. Ovaries simple, numerous, 

 or few, rarely single. Orders I. V. inclusive. 



GROIT 2. Herbs with alternate, or radical leaven. Flowers 



perfect Corolla regular. Petals never 5, except in plants with 

 tubular leaves. Stamens 18, or more, inserted on the receptacle. 

 distinct Orders VI. X. inclusive. 



GROUP 8. Herbs with alternate, or radical, not succulent, 

 leaves. Flowers perfect. Sepals nearly or quite di-tinct, and 

 regular; not spurred. Petals 4 or 5, not fugacious, sometimes 

 fnhcring in pairs. Stamens inserted on the receptacle; when 

 more than 8, always distinct Ovary free from the calyx, or ad- 

 herent only at base ; liee.imini: in fruit a 1 or 2-cclled capsule, or 

 pod. Orders XI. XVI. im-hi-m-. 



GBOUP 4. Herbs; or yellow-flowered shrubs. Leaves simple. 

 Flowers perfect Corolla regular. Stamens not momtdelpboa*: 

 never inserted on the calyx, except when the petals are in several 

 rows. Styles f'wer than the stamens; or else both are 2 or 8 in 

 number. Orders XVII. XXII. inclusive. 



GROUP 5. Leaves alternate. Stamens 20 or more, not insert- 

 ed on the calyx Orders XXIII. XXVI. incli 



GROUP 6. Herbs; sometimes suftriitic-ose. Flowers perfect 

 Stamens not inserted on the calyx. Fruit of 3- 6 carpels, or a 8- 

 6-celled capsule. Orders XX\ II. XXX11I. inelr- 



GHOUP 7. Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. Stamens 10 or 

 less; distinct Ovary free from the calyx, or adhering only at 

 the base. Fruit never a legume. Orders XXXIV. XLI. in- 

 clusive. 



GROUP 8. Flowers more or less irregular; rarely regular, and 

 the fruit a legume. Stamens 10 or less. Orders XI. II. and XI. III. 



( Jiiurp 9. Leaves alternate or opposite; not flesh 

 more than 10; distinct; inserted on the calyx. Orders XI. IV. 

 XLVI. inclusive. 



GROUP 10. Flowers perfect Stamens distinct, in-.r 

 the calyx. Style 1, sometimes 2-clcft Orders XLVI I. I.I. in- 

 clusive. 



GROUP 11. Flowers monoecious, polygamous, or ] 

 Stamens united in 1 or more seta ; or else distinct, and insi-: 

 the calyx. Orders 1.11. I. VI. inclusive. 



GROUP 12. Stamens 4 or 6, inserted upon the disk, which 

 crowns the ovary. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. Order* 

 I. VI I. LIX. inclusive. 



GROUP I. 

 ORDER I. Ranunculaceaa. 



Ilerlis sometimes climbing, with n colorless acrid juice 

 Leave* mostly alternate, and mneli divided. Petioles usually 

 Mg at base. Sepals 8 6, usually 5, hypogynous, mostly 

 deciduous. Petals 8 15, mostly 6, rarely united, or wanting. 

 Stamens indefinite, liy)>ogvnous, distinct Ovaries indefinite, 

 rarely few, or solitary. Embryo minute, at the base of the horny 

 r nV-liy albumen. 



