10S 



ORDEB IX. 8AKRACENIACK.E. OKHKK XVI. 1>]:">l:i:ACEjE. 



OBDEE IX. Sarraceniacese. 



Perennial, acaulesoent herb*, growing in bogs. Leaves 

 pitcher-shaped, as in fig. 9, Pinto X V 1 1. Flowers large, solitary, 

 nodding. Sepals 5, persistent, with 3 bract* at base. Petals 6. 

 Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, Anthers adnate, introrse. 

 _-iua large, "petaloid, persistent, covering the 6- 

 celled, 6-valvcd ovary. PlacenUe central Seeds numerous, 

 minute. 



A mll nil very rurtoiK order, confined to tho swamps of North America 

 ud Guiana, an.l Illustrated by Uio Sarraccnla, our common PUclttr-plant, as 

 Inflfrt, rialo XV1J 



OBDEB X. Papaveracero. 



Herbs, usually with a milky or colored juice. Leaves alter- 

 nate. Stipules none. Flowers solitary, on long peduncles, white, 

 red, or yellow, but never blue. Sepals 2, rarely 8, caducous. 

 Petals 4, rarely 6, regular, hypogynous. Stamens 824, or nu- 

 merous, usually some multiple of 4. Anthers innate. Ovary 

 single, 1 -celled, forming a pod, with 2 or 8 parietal placenta;, or a 

 capsule with several. Seeds numerous. Embryo minute, at the 

 base of the copious, oily albumen. 



A small bat important order, chiefly natives of Europe, and distinguished 



in . rtu 

 Other en 

 nlum (Cela 



GROUP in. 



ORDER XI. Fumariaceae. 



Smooth herbs, with a watery juice. Stems brittle. Leaves 

 alternate, much divided, destitute of stipules. Flowers irregular. 

 Sepals 2. Petals 4, in pairs, 1 or both of the outer ones spurred 

 or saccate at base ; the 2 inner cohering at apex. Stamens 6, 

 diadelphous, with dilated, and more or less united filaments; the 

 middle one of each set bearing a 2-cellcd anther; 2 outer ones 1- 

 cclled anther*. Ovary simple, becoming in fruit a 1-celled, 2- 

 valvcd pod, or an indehiscent, persistent, globular capsule. Seeds 

 with an aril. Embryo minute. Albumen fleshy. 



A tribe of cnrtons and often delicately beautiful, but otherwise unimportant 

 plants. The Fumaria (Fumitory) and CorrdaUs are examples. 



ORDER XII. Crucifene. 



Herbs, rarely suffruticose. Leaves alternate. Stipules none. 

 Flowers usually yellow or white, in racemes, or corymbs, dcsti- 





1 IK' . 



Into of bracU. Sepals 4, deciduous. Corolla of 4 usually regular, 

 unguicolatc petal*, spreading in the form of a cross, as in the Wall- 



flower, fig. 18, Plate XXII. Stamens 6, 2 shorter than Uie olhci 

 4. Ovary con-i^in'.' <!' 2 curpeU united 1'Y n membranous parti- 

 tion, usually a 2-celied pod, called ii Sili((Ue. n- in Ii^'. ll.l'latc 

 XXVII.: or a Silicic, as in fig. 8. Seeds destitute of !' 

 Embryo variously folded, with the cotyledons on the radicle. 



A large, Important, and very natural order, containing torn, 

 anil fragrant flowers, aa Uie Wall-flower, Candy-tuft, and Sle 

 The Hcsporls, or Itocktt, fla. 8, Is a good c.v 

 order arc generally pervaded by an exceedingly 



lifd by an ethereal oil containing much sn!p!n. 



their well-known ftimulant and ami- ; collar quality 



is especially developed in the Kinapls (J/u<<i /</!. anil the fochlcaria 



'In many of the cultivated i.[-cio, th.- 



lined, lhat they furnish valuable food to man and animals. Such are t bo Tur- 

 nip. Cabbage, and Kadish. None of tho order, even the most acrid, ate 

 poisonous. 



ORDER XIII. Capparidaceee. 



Herbs; or, in the Tropics, shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. 

 destitute of true stipules. Flowers solitary, or in raceme 

 pals 4. Petals 4, cruciform, unguiculnte, more or less unequal. 

 Stamens 6 12, or numerous, usually some multiple of 4. Ovary 

 composed of 2 united carpels. Styles united into 1. Fniit a 

 1-celled pod, without any partition; or bad U usu- 



ally many, reniform. Embryo curved, with foliaceous eoty- 



I. .!'!!-. 



An order much resembling Crnclfera, but usually dMlnpiHIu-d by the 

 number of Ito stamens, and always by the structure of Its fruit. These plants 

 are chiefly confined to the Tropic*, where they are shrubs, or oven trees. They 

 are often still more acrid than Crnciferas ; and their roots, bark, and herbage, 

 are nauseously bitter, and sometimes poisonous. 



ORDER XIV. Resedacese. 



Herbs, with a watery juice. Leaves alternate, without 

 stipules, but often with 2 glands at base. Flowers small, 

 often fragrant, in terminal racemes. Sepals 4 7, somewhat 

 united at base, persistent Petals 2 7, usually unequal and 

 lacerated, with nectariferous claws. Stamens 8 40, rarely 8, 

 inserted on the fleshy glandular disk. Ovary 1-cclled, 8 6 

 lobed at summit, usually many-seeded, with 3 6 parietal placen- 

 ta 1 , usually opening before maturity. Seeds rcmform, with no 

 albumen. 



A small order, mostly natives of tho Levant It Is well represented in the 

 Mignonette (Ilcicda odorata), whose fragrant flower Is a universal favorite. 



ORDER XV. Violacere. 



Herbs; in the Tropics sometimes shrubby. Leaves alternate, 

 or radical, pctiolntc, furnished with stipule?. Flowers irregular, 

 solitary. Sepals 5, persistent, slightly united, often auriclcd at 

 base. Petals 5, usually unequal; the lower one usually large, 

 and furnished with a spur at base. Stamens fi, inserted on the 

 disk. Filaments broad, dilated, elongated beyond the anthers ; 2 

 of them usually furnished with a spur-like process at base. An- 

 thers aduate, introrse, 2-cclled, approximate, or united in a ring. 

 Ovary 1-celled, composed of 8 united carpels, with 3 parietal 

 placenta;. -Style usually declined, with a cucullate stigma. 

 Fruit a S-valved, usually many-seeded capsule. Seeds many, 

 with a crustaceous epispcrm. 



A beautiful order, of which the well known Viola ( FtoMV Is the best ex- 

 ample. Their root* have acrid and emetic properties. 8nmo Brazilian specie* 

 of lonldium yield much of the Ipecac that Is sold, though not the genuine 

 article. 



ORDER XVI. Droaeracere. 



Herbs, usually covered with glandular hairs. Leaves alter 

 note, furnished with a fringe of hairs, instead of stipules, at the 

 base of the petiole, and circulate in vernation. Sepals 5, persist- 

 ent, equal. Petals B, alternate with the sepals, marcescent, con- 

 volute in prelloration. Stamens as many as the petals, and 

 alternate with them, rarely 2 6 times as many, difticot, BOTM*- 

 cent. Anthers cxtrorsc. Ovary single, consisting ol 2 A united 

 carpel*. Styles 2 5, nearly or qn 2 fnony parted, 



..ics all united into 1. Capsule 1-cclled, 2 f /al'eJ. wilb 



