110 



OKDKR XXV. TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. ORDER XXXV. ANACAKDIACEJt 



at base. Stamen* usually indefinite, distinct, 

 Orary with > lo uniloj oarpcU Myles united into 1. i- 

 a* many aa the carpels. Fruit a 2 5-ccllcd capsule, often by 

 abortiu 1-eelled; 1 :;--. ..led. 



A chiefly tropical order, reprwrnu-d la tb North by th Linden, or Bass- 

 wood!./ 



ORDER XXV. TcrnstroemiaceoB. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, simple, with- 

 out stipule*. Flowers usually white, large, and showy. Sepals 

 ijus, deciduous. Petals 5 9, imbricated iu preflora- 

 tion. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, united by tlicir hlaments 

 into 1 or several seta. Ovary several-celled. Styles 8 1, more 

 or leas united. Fruit a 2 7-cellcd capsule. Seeds large, few in 

 each cell 



An order of ornamental, chiefly tropical shrubs. The well-known Camellia 

 belongs here, and also the Tea-shrub (Tlua\ 



ORDER XXVI. Aurantiaceae. 



Trees, or ehrubs. Leaves alternate, cither compound, or with 

 jointed petioles. Stipules wanting. Flowers fragrant. Sepals 

 united into an ureeulatc, or companulate cup. Petals 3 5. 

 Stamens equalling the petals in number, or some multiple of 

 them, inserted in a single row upon a hypogynous disk, often 

 united in 1, or several sets. Style 1. Fruit a large, globular, 

 many -celled berry, covered with a thick leathery riud, and con- 

 taining a pulp. 



An order of Asiatic trees, distinguished by their juicy, aromatic, anil often 

 delicious fruits, at In the Citriu, a genus that contains the Orange, Lemon, and 

 Citron. 



GROUP VI. 

 ORDER XXVII. Linaceoe. 



Herbs, sometimes suffruticosc. Leaves sessile, entire, alternate, 

 or apparently opposite, destitute of stipules. Flowers regular, 

 symmetrical. Sepals 3 5, distinct, or somewhat united at base. 

 Petals as many as the sepals, and alternate with them, convolute 

 in prefloration, Stamens as many as the petals, usually al- 

 ternate, with 6 processes resembling teeth, and united with 

 them in a hypogynons ring. Styles as many as the stnmcns. 

 Ovaries of 35 united carpels. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 

 globose, 3 Swelled, each cell more or leas completely divided l>y 

 a false dissepiment Carpels 2-valvcd at apex, 2-scedcd. Seeds 

 without albumen. 



A small order dWlnjruUhc.1 by the symmetry of IK flowers. The principal 

 (can* Is Llnum, on* species of which furnishes the Important article, Flax. 



ORDER XXVIII. Geraniacese. 



1 1. -rb, sometimes somewhat suffruticosc. Stems with tumid 

 node*. Leaves usually palmately veined, and lobed, the lower 

 ones generally opposite. Sepals 6, persistent. Petals 6, ungui- 

 cnlate, sometimes unequal Stamens 10, hypogynous, united by 

 th. ir broad filaments; 8 or 5 of them sometimes sterile. Ovary 

 with 5 2-ovuled carpels. Styles attached to the base of a pro- 

 longed axis, to which the styles adhere. Fruit consisting of 6 1- 

 ceded carpels, which at length separate from the axis by curv- 

 ing back from their lm*e, remaining attached at summit by the 

 persistent, hardened styles. 



A Terr ornamental order, chiefly natlrca of the Cape of Oood Hope. The 

 roots are astrlofenL and sometimes used aa medicine. Examples are the com- 

 mon Oraoea-Mn (fftnuUum maealatum), and the numerous species of Pelar- 

 gonium, which ouostltnU th* great majority of plants cultivated, and known as 



- 



gonium, which ouostltnU th* great 

 Otmriuma. 



ORDER XXIX. Oxalidaccae. 



II.rb, with an acrid juice. Leaves alternate, < ..... ipound. 



r* perfect, regular. Sepals 0, |..-r-i-l. -nt, di-tinn. or Nightly 



. Petal* , r >, equal, unguiculate. ! .i'lii"ii-. 



spirally twi- -tamcns 10, hypogynous, more 



or let* mooadelpbxnu, those opposite the petals longest Ovary 



consisting of fi united carpels, opposite the petals. Styles 5, dis- 

 tinct Fruit a membranous, 6-lobed, 5-cclled capsule, usually 

 separable into the 6 carpels. 



A small order of plants distinguished by their sour jute*, which contains 

 oxalic acid. The Oxalls ( Wood-torrtl). Is our only example. 



ORDER XXX. Balsaminaceae. 



Succulent herbs. Leaves simple, without stipules. Flowers 

 very irregular. Sepals 6, deciduous, colored, the M upper, or in- 

 terior ones, united; the lowest spurred, or gibbous. Petals 4, 

 united by pairs. Stamens 6, hypogynous, cohering at apex. 

 Filaments subulate. Anther* a-.-elled. ' C'ap*ule r.-e, -lied, bursting 

 plastically by the 5 valves. Seeds several in ea.-h II. 



A small and unimportant order of succulent plants, but ffi>rdlng many or- 

 namental flower*. The genus Impauens contains the Garden Ualaanime, and 

 two native species. 



ORDER XXXI. Tropoeolaceae. 



Twining, or running herb?, with a pungent watery juice. 

 Leaves peltate, or palmate. Flowers irregular. t'ah 

 of 6 colored, united sepal-, the lowest spurred. Petalt 

 three lower stalked. Stamen* 8, distinct, unequal. Ovary with 

 "> united earpek Style 1. Fruit separating into 3 indehiscent, 

 1 -seeded carpels. Seeds large, with large and thick cotyledons. 



This order consists of a few South American plants. One species of Tropoj- 

 olum (A'aafurfium), Is common In cultivation. 



ORDER XXXII. Limnanthacere. 



Annual herbs, with a somewhat acrid juice. Leaves alternate, 

 pinnatifid. Flowers regular. Sepals 3 5, united at base, per- 

 sistent, Petals 3 5. Stamens twice as many as the petals, hy- 

 pogynous. Ovary consisting of 2 5 distinct carpel-, op|*-ite 

 the petals. Fruit of 2 6 somewhat fleshy achenia. 



Marsh herbs, represented at the North by Flocrkia. 



ORDER XXXIII. Kutacero. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves punctate, without stipules. 

 Flowers perfect^ Sepals 4 S. Petals 4 5. Stamens as many, 

 or twice as many as the petals, inserted on a hypogynous disk. 

 Ovary 3 5-lobcd, 3 5-cellcd. Styles united, or distinet only at 

 base. Fruit usually separating into 3 5 few-seeded carpel-. 



A family of plants remarkable for their strong odor, and Intense ti 

 The common Rue of the garden (liubi), Is a good example of this chiefly tropl 

 cal order. 



GROUP vn. 



ORDER XXXIV. Zanthoxylacese. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves without stipule*, punrlate with 

 pellucid dots, usually pinnate. Flowers regular, polygamous. 

 Sepals 8 9, small, cohering at base. Petals as many a- the 

 sepals, or nom . Stamens as many as the sepals, and al 

 with them, rarely twice as many, in the pistillate flowe -s imper- 

 fect, or wanting. Ovaries as many s too scpaN, rarely fewer, 

 more or less stipitate, distinct, or united. Fruit sometime.* 

 baccate, or rncmbranaceous, usually of 1 6 drupes, or 2-valved, 

 1 2-seedcd capsules. 



A small order of trees, mostly tropical, distinguished by tho bitter and an 

 malic properties of their bark, of which Zanthoxyluin (J'rteily-Jik), Is our 

 only example. 



ORDER XXXV. Anacardiacero. 



Trees, or shrub*, with a resinous, gummy, or milky, sometimes 

 acrid jui< <. I ;i\> simple, or compound, alternate, not < 

 destitute of stipules. Flowern small, often polygamous, or diu-i-i- 

 ous. Sepals 0, rarely :i, unite.) at !>-. Petals as 



many as the sepal", 'om.'iim. - i Stamens as man) 



petals, alternate with them, inserted on th. liae ( the ealy.x. 

 Ovary 1-cclled, nearly or quite free from the calyx Ovule soli- 



