OEDER XXXVI. ACERACEjE. ORDER XLIII. LEGUMTNOSJi. 



Ill 



tary. Styles 3 5, distinct, or united. Fruit a drupe ; or leas 

 commonly a bony, 1-seeded nut 



A chiefly tropical order of plants, distinguished by their resinous, often poi 

 sonons, juice, which frequently furnishes material for varnishes. The frui 

 however, is generally harmless, or even edible and delicious, as the Mango an 

 Cashew-nut The Khus (Sumach), Is the only native of the North. 



ORDER XXXVI. Aceraceas. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules, simple 

 and palmately lobed, or pinnate. Flowers often polygamous 

 Sepals 5, rarely 4 9, colored, more or less united. Petals a 

 many as the sepals, or none. Stamens hypogynous, 3 12 

 usually 8, distinct. Ovary of 2 partly united carpels, forming i 

 double samara in fruit. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds 1 in a cell 

 An order containing many noble and useful trees, natives of the Northern 

 Temperate Zone. Several species of the Acer (Maple), flg. 5, yield sugar ; bu 

 Bone so abundantly as the Hock-Maple (Acer aaccAarinum). 



Fig. 5. 



ORDER XXXVII. Hippocastanaceaj. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, destitute of stipules. 

 Flowers showy, with articulated pedicels. Calyx campannlate, 

 'ing of 5 united sepals. Petals 5, unequal, 1 sometimes 

 wanting. Stamens 6 8. commonly 7, distinct, unequal, inserted 

 >M tho disk together with the petals. Ovary consisting of 3 

 nnitcd carpels, 3-eelIeil, with 2 ovules in each cell. Style 1, 

 filiform. Fruit cnbffloboM, coriaceous, with 1 3 large roundish 

 seeds. Cotyledons thick and fleshy. 



A small order of ornamental trees with astringent bark, represented among 

 ns by the species of Hone-Clintnnt (yVmtfcw), nnn of which has hen Intro- 

 duced from Anla. Another Is the true Buck-eve, and native of the West, es- 

 pecially Ohio. 



ORDER XXXVIII. Celastraceae. 



Shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, or opposite, simple. Se- 

 pals 4 5. Petals 4 5, inserted on the flat disk surrounding the 

 ovary. Stamens as many as the petals, alternate with them, in- 

 serted on the margin of the disk. Ovary free from the calyx 

 Ki-'iir a capsule, or berry, with 1 5. 1 bw-eeede 1 cells. Seeds 

 usually arilled. 



A small unimportant order, of which Ceiastrus (f'ulia Bitter-rweef), and 

 HnonymuB (Burninff-buth), ar mmploa. 



ORDER XXXIX. Ehamnacese. 



Shrubs, or trees, often with spinose branches. Leaves simple 

 alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers small. Sepals 45, united 

 at base, valvate in prefloration. Petals 4 5, inserted in the 

 throat of the calyx, cucullate, or convolute, sometimes wanting. 



Stamens 4 5, inserted opposite the petals. Ovary of > 4 



united carpels, 2 4-celled, usually more or less free from" the 

 calyx, sometimes immersed in the fleshy disk surrounding it 

 Fruit a berry, or a capsule with dry and separable carpels. 

 Seeds without an aril. 



An order of shrubby plants, distinguished by the bitter and astringent quali- 

 ties of the bark, lihaninus (Buck-thorn), and Ceanothns (Jent<j-Ua\ nre ex- 

 amples. The berries of Buck-thorn are cathartic, and are used in medicine 

 They also yield the paint called Sap green. The genuine jujube-paste is 

 derived frmii Mm) ^cles of Zizyphtu, a genus of this order. 



ORDER.XL Stapliyleaceae. 



Shrubs. Leaves opposite, compound. Flowers regular. Se- 

 pals 5, colored, persistent. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals. 

 Stamens 5, inserted in the disk surrounding the ovary. Styles 3, 

 nearly, or quite distinct. Ovary of 3 carpels, becoming in fruit 

 an inflated, 3-seeded, 3-t-elled capsule, 3-parted at apex. Seeds 

 bony and nut-like, several in a cell 



A small order nearly allied to the last, of which Staphylea (Bladder-nut), 

 is the principal genus. 



ORDER XLI. Vitaceae. 



Woody plants, climbing by tendrils. Leaves simple, or com- 

 pound, often alternate. Flowers small, often polygamous, or dio3- 

 cious. Calyx very small, entire, or with 4 or 5 teeth, lined by. a 

 disk. Petals 4 or 5, inserted on the margin of the disk, often co- 

 hering by tlii-ir tips, and caducous. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the 

 petals, and inserted with them. Ovary 2-celled. Style short, or 

 none. Fruit a globose, usually pulpy berry, often 1-celled, and 1 

 or few-seeded by abortion. 



Vltis, the Grape-vine, Is the most Important plant of the order. 



GROUP VIII. 

 ORDER XLII. Polygalaceaa. 



Herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants. Leaves usually alter- 

 nate, sometimes verticillate, simple. Flowers perfect, irregular. 

 Sepals 6, distinct, usually persistent, very irregular ; 3 exterior 

 and smaller; the 2 lateral, interior ones larger, and petaloid. 

 Petals irregular, usually 3, the anterior one (the keel), larger than 

 the others, and usually crested, or 3-lobed. Stamens 6 8, hy- 

 x>gynous. Filaments united into a tube, which is split on the 

 ipper side, and more or less coherent to the claws of the petals. 

 )vary compound, free from the calyx, consisting of 2 united car- 

 >els, sometimes 1-cclled by the suppression of the tipper cell, 

 style curved, often cucullate. Fruit opening in a loculicidal 

 manner; or indehiscent 



The genus Polygala, one species of which Is the well-known Seneca Snake- 

 root, contains our only representatives of tills family, which Is generally distin- 

 niished by active properties, and by a bitter principle, that |HTV&<ICS the whole 

 rder. 



ORDER XLIII. Leguminosce. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, often compound. 

 Itipulcs present, sometimes deciduous. Calvx consisting usually 

 f 6, mono or less united sepals. Petals 5, either papilionaceous, 

 r regular. Stamens perigynous, sometimes hypogynous, diadel- 

 ihous, monadelphous, or distinct. Ovary single, and simple, 

 ^ruit a legume, assuming various forms, sometimes divided into 

 flveral 1 -seeded joints, as in flg. 12, Plate XXVII., when it is called 

 loment; while the proper legume is seen in the Pea. Heeds 

 ilitary, or several, destitute of albumen. The order is divided 

 nto 3 sub - orders, Papilionaceas, Cffisalpinese, and Mimosa?, 

 'apilionaceae has papilionaceous flowers, 10 stamens, diadel 

 >hons, sometimes monadelphous, rarely distinct, inserted on the 

 >ottom*of the calyx. The Pea, Bean, and Locust-tree are faini- 

 iar examples. The peculiar structure of this sub-order, which 



