in 



ORDEE LVI. HAMAMELACE-E. ORDER L1X. CORNACRfi. 



Stamens 6 10, inserted on the calyx tub*. Ovary adherent to 

 the calyx tube, of 2, or sometimes 35 carpels, cohering below, 

 distinct above. Styles 2, sometimes 8 5. Fruit a 1, or rarely 

 S 5-celled capsule. 



An ; unimportant order, native chiefly of tbo colder portions of Uie world, 

 oftan ornamental In culllrlloo. Banlftaga (Saxifrage), hydrangea nd 1'hll 

 adelpbas (FaUt Syri*ta), an CTmpls. 



ORDER LVI. Hamamelaceaa. 



Shrubs. Leaves alternate, with reins running from the mid- 

 vein to the margin. Stipules deciduous. Calyx 4-clcft Petals 

 4, linear, sometimes none. Stamens 8, those opposite the petals 

 barren, or else many, and all fertile; inserted on the calyx. 

 Orary 2-eeIled. Styles 2, distinct Capsule coriaceous, or woody, 

 S-bealced, 2-cclled, free from the calyx at apex. 



A small and unimportant order, represented at the North by the Witch 

 Haul (HamanHlit), which, however, has aomo medicinal properties. 



ORDER LVII. Umbelliferse. 



Herbs, rarely suffrutescent Steins usually hollow and fur- 

 rowed. Leaves alternate, usually more or less compound, the 

 petioles becoming dilated, and sheathing at base. Flowers in 

 umbels, usually with an involucre. Calyx adherent to the ovary, 

 the very small border 6-toothed, or entire. Petals 5, usualfy 

 with an inflexed point, inserted between the calyx-teeth in a disk 

 which crowns the ovary. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals. 

 Ovary of 2 united carpels, 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell 

 Styles 2, distinct, or united and thickened at the base. Fruit 

 consisting of 2 dry carpels, which adhere by their opposite faces 

 (Oonuititfurt) to a common axis (Carpophore), at length separating, 

 and suspended from the forked summit of the carpophore. Each 

 carpel is indehiacent, marked with 6 longitudinal primary ribs, 

 and often with secondary ones alternate with the first In the 

 substance of the pericarp, little oil tubes (villa;) are usually em- 

 bedded opposite the intervals between the riba, or opposite the 

 ribs themselves. These arc receptacles of colored volatile oils. ' 



A very Urge order of very Important plants, natives principally In damp or 

 wet soils, In most of tbo cooler parts of tbo world. The herbage is often per- 



flf.11. 



vaded by an arrld narcotic 



render* 



never poisonous. Such are the Coriander. Caraway, 

 Dill, l-ennel. and Anise, which for their arm: 

 seeds an mod In cookery and medicine. The 

 roots also are often flashy and nutritious, as In the 

 Carrot and Parsnip. Eren the herbage of Borne 

 species Is wholesome and stimulant. Such are the 

 Celery and Sweet Cicely. The suits of the former, 

 however, an Dotoonoua, when It grows wild In 

 marshes. In fig. IS the carpophore of Pastlnaca 

 (Partnip), Is represented supporting the separate 

 carpel*; and In fig. 18, the vitue and ribs of Dam-us 

 (Uui Carrol), magnified 



I -.--. 1.'. 



I v. Ik 



ORDER LVIII. Araliacese. 



Herbs, shrubs,_or trees. Leaves compound or simple, exsti- 

 pulate. Flowers in umbels, which are often arranged in racemes, 

 or panicles. Calyx adherent to the ovary, wit h a Mnall. entire, 

 or 6-toothed limk Petals 6 10, very rarely wanting, in- 

 in a disk which crowns the ovary. Stamens as many as the pe- 

 tals, alternate with them. Ovary 2 IS celled, with 1 ovule in 

 each cell Styles erect, connivent, as many as the cells. Fruit 

 drupaceous, or baccate, the carpels not separating when ripe. 



A small order of plants much resembling tlio last, distinguished chiefly by 

 their several-celled ovary, and cohering carpel*. Aralla ( WUd Sartaparllta 

 and Pettymorrtt), Panax ((UnMny), and lledera (Xngll* Ivy), an examples. 



ORDER LIX. Cornacero. 



Trees, or shrubs, rarely herbaceous. Leaves opposite, or 

 verlii-illate, rarely alternate. Calyx-tube adherent to the (.vary. 

 limb minute, 45 lobed. Petals 45, alternate with the calyx 

 lobes, distinct Stamens as many as the petals, alternate with 

 them, and inserted on the disk that crowns the 1-cclled ovary. 

 Fruit a globose berry, crowned by the persistent calyx ( 



A small order, native of the temperate zones, and dlstlnfrnlshed by the as- 

 tringent properties of their bark. Cornus (Corntl and Flmc-trtng Doa+oood) 

 is our only genus. 



8ECTIOX IL - MONOrETAl-K. 



Flowers with 2 series of floral envelopes, a calyx sometimes 

 bracted at base, and a monopetalous corolla. 



Monopetalous Plants not included under Monopetalee. 



Order I. Rnnmieulnceir. Herbs, with much dissected leave*. 

 Sepals pctaloid, distinct, upper one spurred. Stamens many. 



XI. Fumuriuccir. Climbing herln. wiih decompound 



_ Order LIV. Cncurbitaceax Coarse herbs climbing by ten- 



Order XCV. XyctaginaccK!. Leaves opposite ; one of each 

 pair smaller than the other. Corolla apparently funnel form, the 

 limb entire. 



Monopetalee proper. 



GHOCT 1, Leaves opposite, or wrticillate. Calyx more or 

 less adherent to the ovary. Stamens 2 5, distinct Orders 

 LX. LX11I. in,.],, 



GROUP 2. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. Stamens 6, 

 distinct; or else unili'il liy tlii'ir anthers, or through a great part 

 of their lengtli. Orders LxiV. LXVJ. inclusive. 



GROUP 8. Shrubs with unarmed branchleU; or else <\<r- 

 jreen, or leaflet* herbs. SIUHK-IH -I, or more, never didynamous. 

 Ovary single. Anthers usually 2-cellcd, but never with trans- 

 verse valves. Orders I, XV II. I. XX. im-1 



GROUP 4. Herbs. Corolla regular, with equal segments. 

 Stamens 4 8, never didynamous. Ovary 1, entire, 1 'j-cellc <]. 

 Styles 1, or 6, with simple stigmas. Corolla mitlm 

 plaited in preflnration. OrdersLXXl. I, XXIII. imlu 



GHOCP 6. Corolla very irregular; or else nearly rognlnr with 

 4 5 more or less unequal lobes. Ovnry single, not lol.i-d, 1 a- 



