116 



ORDER I. XIII. IMI-SACKJ5. ORDER LXIV. COMFOSITjE. 



ORDER LXIII. Dipsaceoc. 



H.-rb*. Leaves opposite, or rerticillate, sessile. Stipules 

 none. Flower* in dense involucrate heads. Calyx-tube adherent 

 to the ovary. Limb somewhat campanulate, entire, or toothed, 

 sometimes taking the form of a pappus. Corolla tubular, with a 

 4 5-lobcd, slightly irregular limb. Stamens 4, distinct, rarely 

 inii' .1 in pairs, often unequal, inserted on the corolla. Ovary 1- 

 fontaining 1 ovule. Fruit a bony achenium. 



A small order of plants, native only of the old world. Fuller's Teasel (Dlf- 

 MOM fulloiim\ and another species, D. sylvestris, which U naturalized In 

 rarioos dluricu of the United State*, are examples. 



GROUP H 

 ORDER LXIV. Compositse. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, or opposite, without 

 stipules. Flowers arranged in dense heads, on a common recep- 

 tacle, and surrounded by an involucre of bracts; the separate 

 flowers often with chaffy bracteolcs somewhat like a calyx. 

 Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary ; limb obsolete, or present, and 



this species are seen in the same figure. In the Ambroria artemuu* 

 folia, fig. 19, we hare an example of this sub-order in a > 

 form, with monadota Jlouer$ destitute of corolla*. la the second 

 suborder, Lignliflone, the flowers are all ligulate, as in the Dan 

 delion, fig. 20. 



Kg. IT. 



assuming the various forms of bristles, hairs, scales, and is termed 

 pappus. Corolla ligulate, or tubular, often 5-clcft, and rarely 

 wanting. Stamens 6, their anthers united in a tnl>. Ovary 1- 



1-ovuled. Stylo 2-cleft Fruit a dry in.li-hi nt achc- 



ninm crowned with the pappus. This order in divided into 3 

 suborders, Tubnliflonc, Ligulinonc, and Labiatiflone, only the 2 

 first of which are represented in the Northern States. ln-Tubu- 

 liflora cither all the flowers, or the central flowers, are tubular. 

 This structure is exemplified in the Thistle, one species of which 

 (Cirnium latwcolatum), is seen in fig. 17, where the flowers are all 

 tubular. In the same figure is shown one of the separate (lower*, 

 or florets, with iU pappus surrounding the tubular 6-cleft corolla, 

 that incloses the tube of united am In TS through uhi.-li project* 

 the biti'l style. In fig. 18 (Atter patent), we have nn Dlnctntkn 

 of the form in whi.-h ..\\- the central floret* are tubular, those of 

 the ray being ligulalc, or strap-shaped. The two kinds of florets in 



I,.: IR 



Tbb Is a vast order, much larger than any other In the Natural System, and 

 comprehending about 9000 species. Bnt their Importance hardly corresponds 

 with their abundance. Tho whole order Is pervaded by a hitter astringent 

 principle, which Is sometimes tonic, as In the Boncset (Eupatoriam ptrMia- 

 um), and the Camomile. In others It Is aromatic, as In Artemisia ( Worm- 

 ), or even acrid, as In Manila (Uay-icttd). The lioneaet also baa emetic 



rtf.it. 



properties. The teods of the Sun-ll. m IT (IIrli<tnthut\ yield a bland oil ; anil 

 tin- tuhcn of the Jerusalem Artichoke (If. tubfrotwi), which are represented 

 In MX. 2. Plate X. are wimi-tlmen eaten aa food. 1'h I.lpilltliira> all hare a 

 milky Jiili-e. ronUlnlnE a narcoilc principle, which, especially In the Lettuce, 

 r also Includes many highly ornamental, 



lollcatcly buiutirul plant.-, auch u the Aster.'Dahlla, Zinnia, and 

 Calendula. 



