132 



ORDER OXLVI. LICHENES.- ORDER CXLVm. ALOJE. 



vie somewhat like that of Mossos, but not opening by a lid, and 

 the calyptra not separating at baae, bat usually splitting at apex. 

 In fig. 18, Plate III, b seen one of the common forma of the 

 Liverwort*. Other forms are flat, veiny expansions, producing 

 sporangia embedded in their fronds. 



CLASS V. THALLOPHYTES. 



riant* composed solely of cellular tissue, being made up of 

 congeries of cells, or sometimes of (ingle cells, often arranged BO 

 as to form a flat expansion, or thallus, but never distinguishable 

 into any proper root, stem, or leaves, or possessing any proper 

 axis of growth. Reproductive organs usually contained in the 

 substance itself of the plant 



ORDER CXLVI. Lichenes. 



Plant* consisting usually of flat, crustaceous expansions, which 

 are sometimes long and narrow. Their fructification is in cups, 

 or shields, called apothecia, which are placed sometimes on the 

 surface of the thallus, or immersed in its substance, or in pulveru- 

 lent spot* scattered over it 



These are alwajrn terrestrial plants, growtnz usnallr on rwks and the bark 

 of trees. Their moat usual forms are Illustrated In flip. and 10, Plato III. 



ORDER CXLVII. Fungi. 



These ore terrestrial parasitic plants, destitute of green color, 

 feeding cither on living or dead organic tissues, but unable to 

 manufacture organic matter from inorganic. 



They take man v forma. Bach as Rut, Mildew, front, and Mould ; two highly 

 magnified forms of the latter being shown In flits. 8 and 4, Date III. The 

 common Mushroom is the- typo of another section, illustrated by the edible 

 Mushroom, fig. 12, Plate IIL 



ORDER CXLVIII. Algae. 



A very large prdcr, or rather class of aqnatic, usually mari- 

 time plant*, presenting great diversities of form and structure. 

 While some are microscopic, and consist of but 1 or a f< 

 aggregated together, others grow to a great size, and show a v.-ry 

 distant approach to higher forms. In figs. 1. 2, and C, Plate III., 

 are seen several of these minute Algte, while figs. 7 and 8 are 

 examples of higher types. 



[Nora. The use* of the different accents and the dash, and all the abbrer1> 

 atioDS which are used In the Flora, are explained In the glossary.] 



