OBDEE II. MAGNOLIACHLE MAGNOLIA-FAMILY. ORDER VI. CABOMBA.CE^E \VATER-SIIIELD-FAMILY. 133 



be had alighted in its cavity. A tall species 45 feet high, common In gar- 

 dens. July A uff. Per. 



10. ACONlTUM. 



Sepals 5, pctaloid, caducous, upper one large, vaulted. Petals 

 5, 8 lower ones minute, 2 upper oil long claws, expanded into a 

 sac, or short spur at the summit, concealed beneath the galea. 

 Per. 



1. A. Napellus. Monk's Hood. 



Stem straight, erect; leaves deeply 5-cleft; leaflets pinnatlfld, segments 

 linear, entire, furrowed above ; upper sepal arched at the back ; ovaries smooth ; 

 flowers large, dark blue, In long racemes. Marked by the broad, vaulted npper 

 sepal, somewhat resembling a monk's cowl. Plant 4 feet high, in gardens. 

 Aug. 



11. ACTVEA. 



Sepals 4 5, roundish, deciduous. Petals 4 8, spatulate. 

 Stamens indefinite. Anthers 2-lobed, introrse. Stigma capitate, 

 sessile. Berry globose, with lateral furrows, 1-celled. Seeds 

 many, compressed. Per. 



\. A. nlbra. 



Bed Baneberry. 



Stem erect, smooth ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate, serrate, 

 acuminate, smooth ; flowers small, white, In a dense hemispherical raceme, 

 pedicellate, followed by red berries on slender pedicels, containing about 11 

 seeds. An elegant plant, quite common in rocky woods, 1 2 feet high. 3fay. 



2. A. (ilba. 



White Baneberry. 



*/ 



Leaves ternately decompound ; flowers white, In oblong racemes ; petals 

 truncate ; ripe berries milk-white, often tipped with purple, on thickened pedi- 

 cels which are purple in fruit, tbongb whltlsb-green at the period of flowering, 

 and are as large as the peduncle. Grows in rooky grounds, often with the last, 

 which it very much resembles in foliage and general appearance, but is a some- 

 what stouter plant, blossoming a week later. It is easily distinguished when 

 In flower by its oblong racemes, and when in fruit by its white berries with 

 their thick pedicels. Jfay. 



12. P^E&NIA. 



Sepal* 5, unequal, leafy, persistent Petals 5. Stamens nu- 

 merous. Ovaries 2 5. Stigmas sessile, double, persistent 

 Follicles many-seeded, opening above. Per. 



1. P. Officinalis. Peony. 



Stem erect, herbaceous, smooth ; lower leaves bi-plnnately divided, corlace- 

 <ma ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate. Incised ; fruit downy, nearly straight ; root fasci- 

 culate. A splendid garden plant, universally known. Flowers 2' 3' In diame- 

 ter, generally double, and varying from a rich dark red to a beautiful rose-color, 

 and even a pure white. May June. 



13. NIQtLLA. 



Sepals 5, colored. Petals 5, 3-cleft Styles 6. Capsules 6, 

 follicular, convex An. 



1. N. damascna. 



Stem erect, branching, smooth ; leaves twice and thrico pinnatlfld, very 

 finely dissected ; ultimate segments subulate ; flowers terminal, solitary, sur- 

 rounded by a leafy involucre, white or pale blue, often donblq; anthers obtuse; 

 carpels 5, 2 -celled, smooth, united as far as the ends into an ovoid-globose cap- 

 sule. A common garden flower. June Sept An. 



ORDER II. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia-family. 



1. MAOK6LIA. 



'< !. Petals 6 12, caducous. CHrpela 1 2-sceded, 

 persistent, forming a strobile-like fruit Seeds baccate, sub-cor- 

 date, suspended by a long funiculus when mature. Trees. 



1. M. glauea. Small Magnolia. 



Leaves oval, smooth, entire, obtuse, glaucous beneath ; flowers solitary, 2' 

 In diameter, fragrant; sepals 8; petals obovate, concave, narrowed at base, 

 meet A small tree, distinguished by Its beautiful foliage and flowers, not nn- 

 wmmon in the Middle States, and sometimes found in swamps In New Eng- 

 land. especial 1. , Mass. Cultivated as an ornamental tree. July. 



2, LIBIODENDRON. 



Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6. Carpels 1 2-seeded, indehis- 

 cent, imbricated in a cone, the apex ending in a lanceolate wing. 

 Trees. 



1. L. tulipifera. Tulip-tree. 



Leaves of a rich dark green, very glabrous, truncate, with 2 lateral lobes, on 

 long petioles ; flowers large, solitary, fragrant, terminating the branches, green- 

 ish-yellow outside, orange within ; sepals oval, concave, veined, at first spread- 

 Ing, afterwards reflexcd. A noble tree, growing 60 SO feet high in New Eng- 

 land, and larger elsewhere. Often cultivated for ornament May June. 



ORDER V. Berberidaceae. Barberry-family. 



i. BERBERIS. 



Sepals 6, outer 3 smaller. Petals 6, roundish, with 2 glands 

 at the base of each. Stamens 6; filaments flattened. Stigma 

 orbicular, compressed, sessile. Fruit a 2 3-seeded, oblong berry. 

 Shrubs. 



1. B. vulgaris. 



Barberry. 



Loaves oval, or obovate, sharply serrate, with mucronate teeth, smooth, 

 growing in clusters, with 3 spines at base ; flowers yellow, in axillary, nodding 

 racemes: petals entire; berries oblong, red, very acid. A well-known shrub, 

 growing in sandy soils, along road-sides, and In rocky pastures, 510 feet high. 

 The young branches are light grey and punctate ; the stamens are very irrita- 

 ble, springing with violence against tho pistil, when touched at the base of the 

 filament June. 



2. LEONTICE. 



Sepals 3 6. Petals 6, with nectariferous scales at the base 

 within. Stamens 6. Pericarp membranaceous, 2 4-seeded. 

 Seeds erect, globose. Per. 



1. L. thalictroides. Blue Cohosli. 



Very glabrous ; leaves bi-ternato and tri-ternate ; leaflets nearly ovate, irre- 

 gularly lobed, oblique at base, terminal one broadest, equally 3-lobed ; stem 

 simple, smooth, bearing 2 leaves, lower one tri-ternate, upper bl-ternate ; flow- 

 ers of a greenish-yellow, In small racemose panicles ; seeds 2, or 1 by abortion, 

 deep bind, soon bursting the Integument of the ripe fruit, and when raised upon 

 their stalks, they resemble berries. Found in woods, growing 12 feet high. 

 When It first appears tho whole plant Is of a purple hue, and tho leaves being 

 rolled np together, it somewhat resembles a Fern just springing up. April 

 May. 



a PODOPHYLLUM. 



Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6 9, obovate. Stamens 9 18. 

 Anthers linear. Ovary ovate, thick, sessile, peltate. Fruit a 

 large, ovoid berry, 1-celled, and tipped with the stigma. Per. 



1. P. peltatum. May-Apple. 



Stem, smooth, round, about 1 foot high, bearing at summit 2 leaves, and a 

 nodding flower between them ; leaves large, often from 0' 10' in diameter, 

 peltate, often cordate at base, palmately 5 7-lobed ; lobes again 9-lobcd, and 

 dentate at apex; flower solitary, white, 1' 2' in diameter; petals curiously 

 veined ; fruit ovoid, yellowish, sub-acid and eatable, when ripe. A peculiar 

 and curious phut of woods and fields. Rare in N. England. Very common in 

 Western N. York, abundantly covering the bill-sides. The barren stems sup- 

 port but 1 leaf, which is very perfectly peltate. May. 



ORDER VI. Cabombacese. Water-shield- 

 family. 



1. BRASENIA. 



Sepals 36, colored within, persistent Petals 3 J. Stamens 

 18 36. Ovaries 6 18. Carpels oblong, 2, or by abortion, 1- 

 seeded. Per. 



1. B. peltata. Water-shield. 



Stem floating, branched ; leaves exactly elliptical, and centrally peltate, en 

 tire, smooth, often marked with purple beneath, floating on the surface of tho 

 water ; stem, under surface of the loaves and peduncles, covered with a soft 



