OBDEK LVI. IIAMAMELACEJE WITCrt-nAZEL-TRIBE. ORDER LVII. UMBELUFER.E UMBELLATE-FAMILY. 159 



petals twice as long as the calyx. A very early flowering plant, common on 

 rocks and dry hills, with a pubescent scape 3' 10' high. April May. 



2. S. Pennsylvanica. Tall Saxifrage. 



Leaves radical, oval or oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, tapering at base, with 

 short, margined petioles ; scape almost leafless, striate, viscid-pubescent, with 

 alternate branches and dense cymes, forming an oblong panicle; flowers 

 yellowish-green, pedicellate ; petals linear-lanceolate, scarcely longer than the 

 calyx. A common bat by no means beautiful plant in swamps and meadows, 

 with hollow scapes 1 3 ft high, supporting a large panicle of small, greenish 

 flowers. May. 



2. MITELLA. 



Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, valvate in prefloration. Petals 5, 

 pinnatifid, inserted into the throat of the calyx. Stamens 5 10, 

 included. Styles 2, short, distinct Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved. 

 Per. 



\. M. diphylla. Common Mitella. 



Stem simple, pubescent; leaves cordate, serrately toothed, somewhat 

 lobed, pubescent ; radical ones on long, hairy petioles ; canllne ones, 2, op- 

 posite, nearly sessile ; flowers white, In long, terminal racemes on short pe- 

 dicels, beautifully marked by the pectinate petals; styles short. A Tery 

 elegant plant 6' \V high. Most common in the more northern states. May 

 June. 



2. M.ni\da. Dwarf Mitella. 



Stem prostrate, or erect, slender, stolonlferoos ; leaves orbicular-cordate, or 

 somewhat renlform, donbly crenate, with a few scattered hairs above; scape 

 filiform, few-flowered, naked or with a single leaf; flowers white; petals finely 

 plnnatitW, with filiform segments. A very delicate and elegant species, grow- 

 ing In de<-p moist woods, with light green, handsome leaves, and very 

 delicately beautiful flowers. Not uncommon in N. New England and New 

 Vork. Jane. 



8. TIABfiLLA. 



Calyx 5-parted, with obtuse lobes, valvatc in prefloration. 

 Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals into the 

 calyx. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved; valve* very un- 

 equal. Per. 



1. T. cordifblia. Mitre-wort. 



Acanlescent ; leaves cordate, acutely 3 5-lobcd, dentate, with mucronale 

 teeth, hirsute above, pubescent beneath, with scattered hairs ; stolons creep- 

 Ing; flowers white, In racemes terminating the pubescent scapes, which are 

 4' 10' high, and sometimes bear a leaf; b/acta minute ; petals oblong. A plant 

 ranch resembling Mitella diphylla, with which it commonly grows In rocky 

 woods. May June. 



4. CIIIiYSOSPLENIUM. 



Calyx coherent with the ovary, 4 5-lobed, colored within. 

 Petals none. Stamens 8 10, with short filaments, and reniform 

 anthers. Styles 2. Capsule obcordatc, compressed, 1-celled, 2- 

 vnlvcd. Seeds numerous. Per. 



1. C. Americanum. 



Water-carpet. 



Stem slender, square, decumbent, dlcliotomoosly branched above ; leaves 

 opposite ; upper ones often alternate ; all roundish-ovate, somewhat crenate, at- 

 tenuate to a petiole at base, smooth ; flowers remote, sessile ; calyx usually 4- 

 clcft, greenish yellow, marked with purple lines; stamens 8, very short, with 

 orange-colored anthem, A little aquatic plant In shady springs and streams, 

 distinguished by Its conspicuous anthers. March May 



5. HYDRANGEA. 



Flowers either all fertile, or more commonly the marginal ones 

 are sterile. STESILI FLOWERS. Calyx colored, membranaceous, 

 veiny, 4 5-cleft. Petals, stamens, and styles none. FKRTILE 

 FLOWERS Calyx-tube hemispherical, coherent with the ovary, 

 with a 4 5-toothed, persistent limb. Petals ovate, sessile. 

 Stamens twice as many as the petals. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule 

 2-beaked, opening by a foramen between the beaks. Seeds 

 numerous. 



1. H. arborescens. Common Hydrangea. 



Leaves ovate, or cordate, mostly acuminate, serrately toothed, nearly smooth ; 

 flowers white. In fwlldate cymes, either all fertile, or especially In cultivation, 

 the marginal ones radiate, or all radiate. A native of Penn., cultivated at the 

 North Junf, 



2. H. quercifolia. Oak-leaved Hydrangea. 



Leaves deeply and sinuately 8 5-lobed, dentate, tomentose beneath ; 

 flowers in paniculate, radiant cymes ; the sterile ones very large and numerous 

 with roundish sepals, dull white, changing to reddish. A very showy shrub, 

 with extremely large leaves, native of Florida, not uncommon in cultivation. 

 June. 



3. H. hortensis. Changeable Hydrangea. 



Leaves elliptical, narrowed at each end, serrated or toothed, strongly veined ; 

 smooth ; cymes radiant ; flowers mostly sterile. A species, 1 2 ft high, 

 very common in house cultivation. The barren flowers are numerous and 

 changeable, passing through several gradations of color, from green to straw- 

 color, yellow, white, purple, and pink, and continuing very showy for some 

 months. 



ft. PniLADELPHU8. 



Calyx 4 5-parted, persistent, with the tube half adherent to 

 the ovary. Petals 4 5, convolute in prefloration. Stamens 20 

 tO, shorter than the petals. Capeule 4-celled, 4-valved, with 

 loculicidal dchiscence. Seeds many, with an aril. 



1. P. grandiflorus. Large-flowered Syringa. 



Somewhat pubescent ; leaves ovate, acuminate, sharply denticulate and 

 veined ; flowers large, white, on slender pedicels, in clusters of 1 3, at the ends 

 of the branches, nearly scentless ; calyx-segments conspicuously acuminate, 

 much longer than the tube. An ornamental Southern shrub, often cultivated. 

 Stems 8 ft high, with long, slender branches. June. 



2. P. coronarius. 



False Syringa. 



Leaves ovate, somewhat dentate, smooth, petlolate; flowers numerous, 

 white, very fragrant, in leafy clusters at the ends of the branches. A beautiful 

 shrub, 5 7 tL high, with opposite, reddish branches, and handsome, fragrant 

 flowers, often cultivated. June. 



ORDER LVI. 



Hamamelaceae. Witch- 1 I* r: I 

 tribe. 



1. HAMAMELIS. 



Calyx 4-parted, 2 3-bracted at base. Petals 4, very long, 

 linear, marcesccnt. Fertile stamens 4. Sterile ones 4, scale- 

 like, opposite the petals. Capsule 2-celled, with locnlicidnl 

 dehisccncc. 



1. H. Virginiana. Witch Hazel. 



Loaves obovato or ova!, crenately toothed, obliquely subcordate at base, on 

 short petioles, nearly smooth; flowers sessile, 3 4 together, axillary; petals 

 larrowly linear, curled or twisted, yellow ; calyx downy ; ovary hirsute. A 

 large shrub of irregular growth, sending off large branches at or near the 

 ground. In an oblique dirrrtion, and growing 10 15 ft high. While all tho 

 shrubs and trees, Itself Included, are putting off their summer garb of green, 

 this shrub begins to send forth abundantly, in the midst of scar and falling 

 leaves, its golden-yellow blossoms, cheering the desolate woods in favorable 

 locations, and seasons, often until Into December. 



LVII. Umbelliferse. Tlie Umbel- 

 late-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEEA. 



A. Flowers in simple umbels. 



1. HTDEOCOTTLE. Flowers greenish. Fruit compressed, orbicular. Leave] 



X. Flowers in compound umlels. 



* Petal* greenish. 



2. SAKICCLA. Flowers polygamous. Fruit subglobose, hispl-1 with hooked 

 prickles. Leaves palmately (>i 



11. AECDANoiLioA. Fruit dorsally compressed, with 2-wingcd margins, not 

 prickly. 



** I'lonrcm white. 



8. DiscoFLrtnA. Calyx-teeth subulate. Fruit compressed laterally, wing- 

 ess, ovate. Leaves very finely dissected. 



4. CICUTA. Calyx-teeth broad. Fruit roundish, compressed laterally, wing- 

 ess. Leaves bl- or trl-ternate. 



B. Sic*. Calyx-teeth minute, or wanting. Fruit laterally compressed, 

 wingless. Leaves pinnate. 



