ORDER LTH. ARALIACEJ2 SPIKENARD-FAMILY. 



161 



involucre and Involuceto none ; carpels turgid, oblong-ovate ; flowers yellow. 

 Common in gardens ; cultivated for its aromatic seeds. July. 



11. AECHANGLICA. 



Calyx-teeth short. Petals equal, entire, acuminate, with the 

 point indexed. Fruit dorsally compressed. Carpels with 3 cari- 

 nate dorsal ribs, with the 2 lateral ones dilated into wings. Vit- 

 ta5 very numerous. Per. 



1. A. atropurpi'lrea. Angelica. 



Stem mostly dark pnrple, (arrowed ; leaves 3-partcd, on large, Inflated pe- 

 Uoles; divisions of the leaves blpinnately divided, with 5 1 egments ; the 8 

 terminal ones confluent, sub^cumlnate, unequally serrate; flowers greenish, 

 In very large umbels, on nearly smooth peduncles ; involucre almost none ; in- 

 volnccls many-leaved; fruit smooth. A tall, rank plant in meadows, with very 

 large greenish umbels, and aromatic seeds. Stem 4 6 feet high, hollow. 

 June. 



12. PASTINACA. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete, or minute. Petals roundish, entire, in- 

 volute, with an indexed point Fruit much compressed, with a 

 broad, flat margin. Carpels with 5, nearly obsolete ribs. In- 

 terval* with single vitte ; commissure with 2 or none. Carpo- 

 phore 2-parted. Seeds flat. Involucre and involucels few- 

 leaved ; or none. Per. 



1. P. sativa. Parsnip. 



Roots fle-liy ; stem smooth, snlcate ; leaves plnnately divided, slightly pu- 

 bescent, especially beneath; leaflets ovate, or oblong, unequally serrate; termi- 

 nal one often 8-lobcd ; umbels large, on long peduncles ; flowers yellow ; fruit 

 val; commlssnre with 2 vitue, which are dark pnrple. Common In cultiva- 

 tion, and also naturalized in waste places. Stem 8 8 ft Ugh. JulyStp. 

 Biennial. 



18. HERACLfcUM. 



Calyx with 5, small, distinct teeth. Petals obcordatc, with 

 an indexed point, in the exterior flowers often radiate ami ap- 

 parently deeply 2-cleft Fruit compressed, flat, with broad, flat 

 margins. Carpels with 3 obtuse, dorsal ribs. Intervals with 

 single, mostly clavate vitte. Seeds flat. Involucre caducous, 

 mostly few-leaved. Involucels maay-leaved. Per. 



1. H. lanatum. 



. silicate, branching, hollow, pubtsceat ; leaves very large and broad, 

 especially the lower ones, on very largo petioles, ternately divided, tomentose 

 beneath ; leaflets pctlolate, roundish-cordate, unequally lobed ; lobes acnml- 

 nale, nearly smooth above ; flowers white, in very large umbels ; segments of 

 the Involucre lanceolate, deciduous, those of the involneels lanceolate, acnml 

 nate; fruit nearly orbicular. A tall, rank plant, 4 S ft high, in meadows, dis- 

 tinguished by its large leaves, and Its Immense umbels (often a foot in diameter), 

 of which the marginal flowers are generally radiate and much larger than the 

 others. June. 



14. DAtlCUS. 



Calyx-margin 6-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate with an 

 inflected point, the 2 outer often the largest, and deeply 2-cleft 

 Fruit ovoid, or oblong. Carpels with 5 primary ribs, 8 dorsal 

 and 2 on the flat commissure, and 4 secondary ribs, the latter 

 more prominent, winged, and each bearing a single row of 

 prii-klc-i, with tingle viUo beneath. Carpophore entirely free. 

 Bienn. 



1. D. Carota. Carrot. 



Stem hispid, branching; leaves bl- or trl-plnnatlfld ; segments pinnatifld; 

 leaflets lanceolate or linear; leaflets of the involucre pinnatifld, nearly us longai 

 the nmbel ; leaflets of the Involucel entire, or 8-cleft ; flowers white, sometimes 

 yllowlh; the central flower In eaeh nmbellot abortive, rose-color* 

 conical. Common In cultivation. Naturalized along roadsides and In dry 

 fields. Common. July. 



IB. OSUORIliZA. 

 Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals oblong, entire ; the cuspidate 

 point iiitl'-i-tc,]. Styles conical at base. Fruit very long, linear 

 clavate, attenuate at base. Carpels with 5 acute, bristly ribs. 

 Intervals without vittte. Commissure with a deep bristly channel. 

 Per. 



21 



1. 0. longtstylis. 



Sweet Cicely. 



Stem branching above, nearly smooth ; leaves biternately divided ; radical 

 and lower cauline ones on long petioles ; segments broadly ovate, somewhat 

 lobed, slightly pubescent on both sides ; flowers wiiite ; umbels of about 5 

 rays ; involucre of 1 3 linear, clliate leaflets, longer than the rays ; Involucels 

 of 5 lanceolate leaflets ; styles filiform, nearly as long as the ovary ; fruit cla- 

 vate, dark green or blackish, hispid, crowned with the slender, and at length 

 divergent styles. Root fasciculate and rather fleshy, of a sweet anise-like 

 fovor. A common plant In woods, 1 3 ft. high, of a very agreeable, spicy 

 odor and taste, especially the root. May June. 



2. 0. brevistylis. 



Hairy Cicely. 



Stem erect, branching, mostly pubescent; leaves biternately divided; 

 segments pinnatifld, hairy on both sides ; flowers white, smaller than In the 

 last; styles conical, scarcely as long as the ovary Is broad; fruit somewhat 

 tapering, with the persistent styles at length converging. The root has a 

 sweetish, rather disagreeable taste, and Is entirely destitute of the anise-like 

 flavor of the last. The plant Is more hairy, and the segments of the leaves 

 more deeply cleft. Stem 1 8 ft. high. Grows In woods, rather common. 

 May June. 



16. C&NITJM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obcordate, with a short in- 

 flected point Fruit ovate, with compressed sides. Carpels with 

 6 prominent, equal, tmdulate-cronulate ribs ; the lateral ones 

 marginal. Intervals without vittte. Seeds with a deep narrow 

 groove in the face. Bienn. 



1. C. maculatum. Poison Hemlock. 



Stem smooth, branching, hollow, spotted ; leaves decompound, blpinnately 

 divided ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifld, with acute lobes ; involucre of about 5 

 lanceolate leaflets ; involucelofS 5 unilateral leaflets ; flowers small, white, In 

 terminal umbels ; fruit smooth. A common poisonous weed, 8 S ft high in 

 waste places. Introduced. The lower leaves are very large, on long petioles. 

 The whole plant Is a powerful narcotic poison, and has a disagreeable odor, 

 especially when bruised. July Aug. 



IT. CORIANDRTJM. 



Calyx with 5 conspicuous teeth. Petals obcordate, inflexcd at 

 the point; outer ones much larger, bifid. Fruit globose. Car- 

 pels cohering together, with 5 depressed, primary ribs, and 4 

 secondary, more prominent ones. Seeds concave on the face. An. 



1. C. sativum. 



Coriander. 



Glabrous; leaves blpinnately divided; lower ones with broad, cuneato 

 segments; upper ones with linear segments; Involucre nono; involacel 8- 

 leaved, unilateral; flowers white; carpels hemispherical. A well known 

 garden plant, 2 3 ft. high, with strong-scented leaves. Cultivated for Its 

 aromatic fruit July. 



ORDER LVIII. 



Araliacese. Spikenard- 

 family. 



1. ARALIA. 



Calyx-limb 6-toothed or entire, short Petals 5, spreading. 

 Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Styles 5, at length di- 

 verging. Fruit baccate, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-seedcd. Per. 



1. A. racemosa. 



Pettymorrel. 



Stem smooth, herbaceous, branching ; leaves decompound, 8 5-parted ; 

 each division with 8 5 ovate, cordate, serrate, acuminate leaflets ; umbels 

 small, numerous, arranged In branching, compound racemes, forming panicles 

 on axillary peduncles ; flowers small, greenish-white ; fruit small, dark-purple. 

 A well known plant In rich, rocky woodlands, 86 feet high, with a thick, 

 pleasantly aromatic root The leaves are very large, light-green. July. 



2. A. nudicaiMis. 



Sarsaparilla. 



Nearly acaulescent ; leaf radical, solitary, on a long, 8 cleft petiole ; each 

 division plnnately 3 5 foliate; leaflets oval or obovate, sharply serrate, acumi- 

 nate ; scape naked, shorter tbau the leaf, bearing 3 simple, pedunculate umbels : 

 flowers small, greenish : root long, creeping, aromatic, A common well known 

 plant In rich woods, with a scape about 1 foot high. May June. 



