162 



ORDKRLIX. COKXACES OOBNKI.-KAMII.Y. i'i:l>Ki: I.X. CAl'KIl 'LI A. MII.T. 



t. rlNAX. 



Flowers polygamous. Calyx-limb very short, obscurely 6- 

 toothed. Petals 6, spreading. Stamens S, alternate with the pe- 

 tal*. Styles 2 3. Fruit drupaceous, fleshy, 2 3-celled. Cells 

 1-sceded. Per. 



1. P. trifolium. Dwarf Ginseng. 



Boot globose ; leaves 8, vertlcillate, 8 5-follate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrate, ntt inslh ; peduncle neatly is long ss the loaves ; flowers white, on 

 abort pedicels; styles 8; berries 8-seeded. A delicate little plant, common In 

 low woods, ' V high, with a simpta, deader stem, a wborl of three leaves at 

 top and a little umbel of white flowers, on a long peduncle, rising from the 

 centre. May. 



2. P. quinquefdlium. Ginseng. 



Boot fusiform; stem simple, smooth ; leaves 8, vertlclllato, 5-folutc ; leaflets 

 obovate-oblong, acuminate ; the lateral ones smaller; peduncle almost as long 

 as the petioles; flowera yellowish, on short pedicels ; styles 1 ; ovary 2 -celled ; 

 stem about 1 foot high, bearing a simple umbel, succeeded by bright scarlet ber- 

 ries. A much larger plant In all Its parts than the last, and loss common, being 

 met with most frequently In rich woods, In mountainous districts. July. 



8. HfiDERA. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, dilated at base. Berry 5-secded, 

 surrounded by the persistent calyx. Evergreen. 



1. H. helix. English Ivy. 



Stem and branches long and flexible, attaching themselves to the earth, 

 walls, or trees, by numerous rootlets ; leaves dark-green, smooth, petlolate, 

 with white reins; lower ones 5-lobed ; upper ovate ; flowers green, in numer- 

 ous umbels, arranged in corymbs; berry black. A climbing, shrubby plant, be- 

 coming common In cultivation, especially for training on walls. 



ORDER LIX. Cornaceae. Cornel-family. 



1. CORM 



Calyx-limb 4-toothed, frith minute segments. Petals 4, oblong, 

 spreading. Stamens 4, with filiform filaments. Style 1. Drupes 

 baccate. Trees, ihrub* and perennial herb*. 



\. C. altcrnifdua. Common Cornel. 



Leaves more or less alternate, oval, acuminate, smooth above, hoary-pubes- 

 cent beneath ; cymes loose, spreading ; Sowers yellowish-white; drupes 'light 

 bine. A small tree In moist woods, with alternate greenish warty branches. 

 The leaves are Irregularly arranged on tbe branches, but arc for the most part 

 alternate. June. 



2. C. circinata. Hound-leaved Cornel. 



Branches greenish, spotted, warty ; leaves very broad, oval, or orblcul.tr, 

 abruptly acnmlnate, whlte-tomentose beneath; cymes rather smsJ. depressed; 

 Bowers white ; petals ovate ; berries light blue. A shrub of Irregnlac strag- 

 gling growth, about 8 feet high. Woods and banks of streams. Not uncom- 

 mon. Jam. 



3. C. sericea. Red Osier. 



Branches spreading, dark purple; branchlcts red; cymes and petioles 

 woolly ; leaves opposite, entire, oval or ovate, woolly beneath, mostly ferrugin- 

 ous, especially on tbe veins, acuminate; cymes depressed, crowded ; flowera 

 yellowlah-whtto ; drupes sub-globose, bright blue. A large shrub, 610 feet 

 high, with rather variable and stoat shoots, which are dark red, especially In 

 winter. Along stream* and In wet grounds. Common. Jane. 



4. C. Btolonifera. Wkite-berritd Cornel. 



Bums often reclined and stolonlferoos ; shoots vlrgate, bright reddbh-pnr- 

 pl; branches smooth, spreading; leaves ovate, acute, hoary-pubescent beneath ; 

 cymes flat, nearly smooth ; petals orate ; drupes white, lead-color when fully 

 ripe. A small tree, 810 feet Ugh, with dark red, smooth shoots, especially 

 conspicuous In winter, often sending out branches, which take root and send 

 ap tract shoots. Host common In Hie more northern portions of N. England 

 sad N.York. Junt. 



5. C. fl6rida. Box-wood. 



Leaves ovate, acuminate, acut* at base, entire; flowers small, greenish- 



yellow, surrounded by a large 4-leaved Involucre, the segments of which an 

 obcordatc, with a callous point at apex, apparently smarglnate, white and 

 showy, often tinged with red ; drupes oval, bright red. A tree V>-:v> feet high, 

 common In woods, and making a great display when In blossom. Tbe wood Is 

 exceedingly ban! and compact The bark is bitter, with tonic properties. May 

 Juiu. 



6. C.. Canad6nsk Low Cornel 



Herbaceous ; flowering stems low, simple, erect ; rhlioma creeping, I 

 what woody ; upper leaves about 0, somewhat vertlclllate, on abort petioles, 

 oval, acute, or acnmlnate; Involucre 4-leaved, much larger than the flowers; 

 leaflets broad-ovate, greenish-white, pctalold. Inclosing the umbel of greenish- 

 yellow flower* ; drupes red, baccate, rather large, and of a sweetish taste. An 

 elegant little plant In damp woods and shady swamps, 4' V high. Tbe flow- 

 ering steins look as If they had one large white flower, and are accompanied by 

 numerous barren ones, with 4 leaves at tup. Per. May June. 



ORDER LX. Caprifoliacese. Honeysuckle- 



fn mil if. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 

 * Corolla more or les tubular. 



1. LoNtciRA. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla funnel-form, or tubular; 

 limb with 6. Irregular, or nearly regular segments. Stamens 5, exaert. Fruit 

 a berry. Leaves not serrate. 



2. Dir.Rvii.ijk. Calyx with 5, subulate, persistent teeth; Corolla funnel- 

 form. Limb with 6 nearly equal segments. Stamens 5. Shrnbs with serrate 

 ]. arm 



& TSIOBTUTH. Calyx with 5 linear, leafy, pelvlstent teeth. Corolla tubular, 

 gibbons at base, with D nearly equal segments. Herbs. 



4. SrHraoKiciKrcs, Calyx with 46 persistent teeth. Corolla campanu- 

 late, regularly 4 5-lobed. Stamens 4 o. Included. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. 



B. uncju. Calyx with 5 deciduous, subulate teeth. Corolla campanutatc, 

 with 6, nearly equal lobes. Stamens 4, 2 longer than the otticr 2. Trailing 

 ereigreens. 



Corolla rotate, deeply and regularly 5-lobed. 



6. SiMB^cra Calyx-teeth minute or wanting. Fruit a pulpy berry. 

 Shrubs with pinnate leaves. 



1. ViBumifcu. Calyx distinctly 5-toothed. Fruit a dry drupe. Shrubs 

 with simple leaves. 



1. LONfCKi: \ 



Calyx-limb with 5 short teeth. Corolla tubular or funnel- 

 form, gibbous at base, with a 6-cleft, usually quite irregular 

 limb. Stamens 6, exscrt. Ovary 2 3-celled. Berry few-seeded. 

 * Climbing ihruln. Flowert in tcAorls, 



1. L. parviflura. Small-flowered Honrysuckle. 



Leaves smooth, oblong, or elliptical, dark green and shining above, glaucous 

 beneath ; the upper pairs connate, all sessile, undulate, and revolnte at tbe mar- 

 gin; flowers In 2 8 approximate, pedunculate whorls; corolla Irregular, gib- 

 bous at base, with a abort tube, pale yellow, and generally tinged with dnll red; 

 filaments bearded ; berries orange-colored. A slender shrub, frequently climb- 

 Ing, sometimes nearly or quite erect; growing In rocky woods. Not uncom- 

 mon. May Junt. 



2. L. sempcrvirens. Trumpet Honci/tucklr. 



Leaves oblong, evergreen, pale beneath, upper pain connate; flowers In 

 somewhat distant whorls, almost regular, ventricose above, scarlet without and 

 yellow within, nearly 2' long. Inodorous. A splendid climbing evergreen spe- 

 cies, native in N. York, especially near the city and southward. Common In 

 cultivation. At the North the leaves are deciduous. May Any. 



3. L. Periclyrnenum. Woodbine Honeysuckle. 



Leaves distinct, elliptical, on short petioles; flowera In onto, Imbricate, ter- 

 minal beads; corolla rlngent, yellow and red, fragrant; berries red. A very 

 common species, much admln-d in cultivation. May July. 



A variety has smooth, lobed leaves. 



4. L. caprifoliuin. Italian Honey suck li. 



Leaves deddnous, the upper pair connate; flowers In a terminal whorl; 

 corolla ringont, varying through red, yellow, and white, very fragrant A very 

 beautiful cultivated spedes, JUM Aug. 



Strait Flmctn pedunculate. 



5. L. ciliata. Fly Honeysuckle. 



Leaves orate, or oblong-ovate, often cordate at base, dilate, thin, vlllous be- 

 neath, when yonng ; flowers In pairs, pendulous, axillary, connected by their 



