ORDER LXIT. COMPOSITE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



167 



heads large, with numerous, deep-purple rays, somewhat panlcnlateljr corym- 

 bose ; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, mostly in a single 

 row, viscld-pnbcscent, as well as the. branchlets. A very ornamental species in 

 moist grounds, not very common in N. Eng., but abundant westward. Sep. 



9. A. miser. Starved Aster. 



Stem more or less pubescent, generaliy very branching ; leaves lanceolate, 

 or oblong-lanceolate, tapering at base, acuminate, acutely serrate in the middle; 

 heads smalt, racemose on the branches, often scattered ; rays very short, bluish 

 or white ; involucre-scales linear, acute, or somewhat obtuse, in 3 4 rows. A 

 very common and extremely variable species, in thickets and fields, varying in 

 size according to the soil, 8' SO 1 . Sep. Oct. 



10. A. Tradescanti. Narrow-leaved Aster. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem terete, with virgate, erect, spreading or di- 

 verging branches; leaves linear-lanceolate, the lower ones commonly serrate 

 In the middle, the others entire ; beads very numerous, rather small, mostly 

 with rays, densely racemose on the branches ; involucre-scales narrow-linear, 

 more or less acute, in 8 I rows. A very common species in moist fields, dis- 

 tinguished from the last by its much narrower leaves and involucre-scales, and 

 its numerous, densely racemose heads. Very variable, Aug. Oct. 



11. A. simplex. 



Willow-leaved Aster. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem tall, very branching ; leaves lanceolate, acu 

 minate, lower ones serrate, npper entire ; heads medium size, rather few, ra- 

 cemose on the branches, forming a terminal, leafy panicle; Involucre-scales 

 linear, subulate, loosely Imbricated. A nother very variable species, with pale 

 blue or whitish flowers. In low grounds. Common. Sep. 



12. A. dumosus. 



Busliy Aster. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem branching, paniculate ; leaves linear, those of 

 the branches much smaller, oblong, rough on the margin, crowded, entire ; 

 lower ones sometimes serrate ; heads medium size, with pale purple, or whltbh 

 rays, racemose on the branches, mostly solitary on the branchlets ; Intolucre- 

 scales closely Imbricate, broader at summit, obtuse. In 46 rows. A variable 

 and rather handsome specie*, common In thickets and fields. Sep. 



13. A. multiflorus. Many-flowered Aster. 



Pubescent and somewhat rough ; stem very branching ; leaves linear, 

 crowded on the stem, entire, sessile, those of the branches much smaller; heads 

 small, with white rays, very numerous, densely racemose on the spreading 

 branches; Involucre-scales linear -fnatulate, with spreading, green tips. An 

 ornamental species with very dense panicles of innumerable white flowers. 

 Dry soils. Common. Stem 1 2 ft high, bushy. Sep. 



14. A. longifulius. 



Long-leaved Aster. 



or quite smooth: stem very branching, corymbosely paniculate 

 above ; leaves linear-lanceolate, or linear, lower ones sometimes ovate-lanceo- 

 late, entire, or remotely serrate in the middle, smooth and shining above; 

 heads large, numerous, with many light-purple rays, racemose on the branches ; 

 r,- scales In 85 rows, linear, with acute, spreading, or recurved, green 

 tips. A very handsome species, 2 6 ft high, In moist grounds ; often with a 

 pnrp!^, flexnons stem. Extremely variable in foliage and size. Common. 



15. A. flexuosus. 



Marsli Aster. 



Stem slender, branching, demons, very smooth ; leaves linear, long and 



fleshy, acuminate, entire, upper ones subulate ; heads large, with purple rays 



low disk, solitary on the leafy branchlets; Involucre-scales In many 



ruws, ovate-lanceolate, appressed, acuminate. A common species in salt 



manbes; about 1 ft high. Aug. Oct. 



U',. A. linifolius. Sea Aster. 



Stem very branching, paniculate, with nearly erect branches; leaves llncar- 

 lancmlate, acuminate, entire, fleshy, those on the branches subulate ; heads 

 small, racemose, or paniculate on the branches, numerous ; rays short, not pro- 

 jecting beyond the disk, purplish, somewhat In 2 rows; Involucre cyllndrlc, 

 with subulate scales, in few rows. An annual species, 12 ft high, found in 

 salt marshes. Aug. Sep. 



1. 8EEICOCAEPU8. 



Heads 12 16-flowered. Ray-flowers 4 6, perfect. Disk- 

 flower* 6 10. Involucre oblong, with imbricated, appressed, 

 green-tipped scales. Receptacle alveolate. Aehenia obconic, 

 very silky. Pappus simple, with capillary bristles. Per. 



1. S. conyzoides. 



White-topped Aster. 



Somewhat pubescent, simple, corymbose above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 lower often spatulate, smooth beneath, veiny, narrowed at base, serrate toward 

 the apex, the upper ones sessile, nearly entire, lower petiolate ; heads small with 

 short, white rays, and pale yellow disk, in loose flat corymbs ; involucre-scales 

 appressed, whitish, with recurved tips; pappus rust color. A common plant, 1 

 2 ft high, in dry woods and thickets. July. Aug. 



8. DIPLOPAPPUS, 



Heads many-flowered. Rays 8 12, pistillate. Disk-flowers 

 perfect Involucre imbricate, with appressed scales, destitute of 

 green tips. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Pappus double, the ex- 

 terior of very short and stiff bristles ; interior copious, capillary. 

 Per. 



1. D. linariifolius. Bristly Aster. 



Stems long, often decumbent, somewhat rongb, leafy, several from the same 

 root; leaves linear, 1-veined, rigid, smooth, shining above, very rough on the 

 margins, ending in a mncronate point; heads large, with numerous, deep-blue, 

 showy rays, solitary on the ends of the pubescent branches. A fine plant, 

 about 1 ft high, with very showy flowers. Common in dry soils. Sep. 



1 . D. umbellatus. Umbelled Aster. 



Smooth ; stem tall, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, entire, acuminate, attenuate at 

 base, rough on the margin; heads very numerous, with white rays and yellow 

 disk, In a terminal, flat corymb ; Involucre-scales somewhat closely imbricated 

 and obtuse, oval-lanceolate, A tall, elegant species, 46 ft high, often with a 

 purplish stem, and supporting a large, level corymb of white flowers. Com- 

 mon In low grounds. Aug. Sep. 



8. EKlGERON. 



Heads many-flowered, somewhat hemispherical. Rays nar- 

 row, very numerous, pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect Recepta- 

 cle flat, naked. Involucre nearly in 1 row, with narrow, sub- 

 equal scales. Pappus mostly simple. 



1. E. bcllidifolium. Robin's Plantain. 



Hairy ; stem simple, nearly naked above ; radical leaves obovate, obtuse, 



>-rrate, canlinc ones distant, oblong-lanceolate, mostly clasping, entire, 



acute; heads large, with 6070 broadly-linear, bluish-purple rays, in a close, 



terminal corymb. A common and early species, 12 ft high, in fields and 



thickets. M,iyJu.ne. Per. 



2. E. Philadelphicum. Purple Fleabane. 



Hairy; stem slender, leafy ; leaves thin, oblong, clasping at base, mostly en- 

 tire; heads with exceedingly numerous and narrow, reddish-purple, or flesh- 

 colored rays, broadly corymbed at the summit of the stem. A common species 

 in thickets and fields, 18 ft high. June Aug. Per. 



3. E. .-iiiinium. Daisy Fleabane. 



Stem tall, furrowed, rough, pubescent, branching ; leaves hairy, closely ser- 

 rate, the lowest ovate, tapering into a winged petiole ; upper ones ovate-lanceo- 

 late, crowded, acute, tapering at base, sessile, the uppermost lanceolate ; heads 

 large, with very numerous, narrow, and short, white rays, tinged with purple, 

 corymbose at the summit of the stem. A tall plant, growing as a weed In 

 fields and waste places. Very common. August. An. and Bien. 



4 E. strigosum. White-weed. 



Stem erect, branching, slender, furrowed, more or less pubescent and 

 rough ; leaves mostly entire, tapering at both ends, lowest ones oblong, or 

 spatulate, 3-veined, attenuate to a petiole, upper ones lanceolate ; heads small, 

 with rays twice as long as the Involucre, and a yellow disk, in large, loose, ter- 

 minal, paniculate corymbs. A weed In fields, equally common with the last, 

 about 2 ft. high, and a much more slender plant June Sep. An or Bien. 



5. E. Canadense. Fleabane. 



Ilairy ; stem erect, furrowed, with numerous short branches ; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate, or linear, mostly entire, radical ones Incised ; heads very numerous, 

 small, with numerous white rays scarcely longer than the involucre, racemose 

 on the branches, forming along, terminal panicle. A common weed in waste 

 places, varying greatly In size and form, 6' 6 ft in height July. Oct. Alt, 

 undBitn. 



10. CALLlSTEPHOS. 



Ray-flowers pistillate, numerous ; dink-flowers perfect. In- 

 volucre hemispherical Receptacle somewhat convex. Pappus 



