ORDEK LXIV. COMPOSITE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



169 



rery large, solitary, terminating the branches ; rays linear, light yellow, 23- 

 toothed at apex ; involucre-scales ovate, follaceous, A stout, herbaceous plant, 

 4 ft. high, with very large flowers and radical leaves, the latter often 1 ft 

 long. Common by road-sides. Introduced. July Aug. 



15. PLtCHEA. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tabular, those of the mar 

 gin pistillate anil fertile, with a filiform truncate corolla ; those 

 of the centre perfect, few, with a 5-cleft corolla. Involucre im 

 bricated. Receptacle flat, naked. Style undivided. Achenia 

 Bulcate. Pappus simple, capillary. Per. 



1. P. camphorata. Marsh Fledbane. 



Somewhat viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, thick, 

 serrate, acute, on very short petioles ; heads rather large, llfbt pnrple, arranger 

 In crowded, flat, terminal corymbs. A coarse and fleshy plant of the salt 

 marshes, about 1 ft high, exhaling a strong and somewhat disagreeable cam- 

 phoric odor. Aug. 



1C. HELldPSIS. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays 10 or more, pistillate, fertile. 

 Disk-flowers perfect. Involucre-scales in 3 rows. Receptacle 

 chaffy, conical. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none. Per. 



1. H. be via. Ox-eye. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; leave* ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, opposite, 

 petlolate, 3-ner ved, serrate ; lower ones mure or lew truncate at base ; heads large, 

 showy, with yellow rays, solitary, pedunculate, terminating the stem and 

 branches; rays linear, broader at base, obtuse at apex. A large, elegant plant, 

 with showy flowers, 85 ft. high. In thickets and along fences. Common In N. 

 York, and some portions of N. England. Var. scabra has the foliage some- 

 what rough. June Aug. 



17. EUDBECKIA 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral Disk perfect Invo- 

 lucre-scales foliaceou*, in 2 rows. Receptacle conical, with short 

 chaff. Achenia 4-sided. Pappus none, or a minute, 4-toothed 

 margin. Per. 



\. I!, laciniata. Cone-flower. 



Stem smooth, round, branching ; leaves often somewhat rough ; lowest ones 

 pinnate, with incised or S*lobed leaflets ; upper ones toothed and cat, petlolate, 

 8 6-lobed, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and sometimes entire lobes; 

 heads large, with linear, yellow, drooping rays, terminal. A tall plant, rattier 

 common In thickets and swamps, somewhat resembling a sun-flower. The 

 highest leaves are simple and ovate. July &p. 



18. ZINNIA. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays 5, persistent, entire, pistil Inte. 

 Di^k-flowers perfect. Involucre-scales margined, imbricate. Re- 

 l.i chaffy, conical Pappus of the disk-flowers consisting of 

 2 erect awns. An. 



1. Z. elegans. Zinnia. 



Stem hairy, branching ; leaves ovate, cordate, sessile and clasping, opposite, 

 entire ; beads large, on long peduncles ; chaff serrated. A common annual In 

 cultivation, with violet, purple, scarlet and white flowers. 



2. Z. nmltifldra. Small Zinnia. 



Stem hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, opposite, entire ; 

 beads smaller than in the last, commonly pnrpllsb, on long peduncles. A com- 

 mon garden annual. 



19. HELIANTIIUS. 



I leads many-flowered. Rays neutral Disk-flowers perfect, 



Iim.hicre-scales imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, or 



c. Chaff persistent with the 4-cided, laterally compressed 



nx'h'-nio. Pappus of 2 deciduous, chaffy awns. Per. except No. 1. 



1. H. annuus. Sun-flower. 



Leaves cordate, petlolate, 8- veined, the lowest opposite the others, alternate ; 

 heads very large, on nodding or thickened peduncles ; rays numerous, broad, 

 bright yellow. A well-known cultivated annual species, with very large, cor- 

 date leaves and Immense heads, sometimes 1 ft In diameter. It grows 8 10 

 ft. high, and even higher, according to the soil. July Sf]>. 



2. H. strumosus. Wild Sun-flower. 



Btem erect, mostly simple, tall, smooth \ - opposite, ovate-lan- 



wolate, wrraUs acuminate, abrupt at bane. smooth, or somewhat 



22 



pubescent and downy beneath, with short; winged petioles, hcada rather large, 

 few; rays about 10; involucre-wales dilate, broadly lanceolate, equalling tho 

 lanceolate rays, with spreading tips. A common species with showy flowers- 

 8 ft high. Elver banks and low thickets. Aug. Sep. 



3. H. decaputalus. ' Ten-rayed Sun-flower. 



Stem tall, branching, rough above, smooth below ; leaves opposite, ovate, 

 acuminate, coarsely serrate, 8-veined, mostly somewhat rough above, of the 

 same color on both tides, abrupt at base, with winged petioles ; heads rather 

 large, with about 10 pale yellow rays ; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate, ciliate, 

 spreading, outer ones longer than the disk. A less showy species than the last 

 Common along river ban ks, and in low thickets. Plants 25 ft. high, often with 

 tho outer involucre-scales more or less foliaceous. Aug. Sep. 



4. H. divaricdtns. 



Slender Sun-flower. 



Stem smooth, simple, or sparingly branched ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 3-velncd, sessile, rounded or truncate at base, acuminate, serrate, rough 

 above ; beads small, few, somewhat corymbose ; involucre-scales lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, equalling the disk. A showy species 25 ft high. Common in 

 thickets and dry grounds. Aug. Sep. 



5. H. tuberosus. Jerusalem Artichoke. 



Stem rough, branching stout ; leaves petiolate, 3-velned, acuminate, rough, 

 serrate, ovate, alternate, lower ones opposite, cordate-ovate; petioles eiliato at 

 base; rays 12 20; involucre-scales linear-lanceolate. A tall species with tuber- 

 ous roots, naturalized around gardens and along fences. Sep. 



20. TAGETE9. 



Heads heterogarnous ; involucre tubular, of 5 united scales in 

 1 row. Ray-flowers 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. Pappus 

 of 5 erect bristles. An. 



1. T. pa tula. 



French Marigold. 



Stem erect, with spreading branches ; leaves pinnatoly divided ; segments 

 linear-lanceolate ; beads orange-yellow, solitary, on long, cylindrical peduncles ; 

 involucre smooth. A garden annual, about 2 feet high. 



2. T. erecta. African Marigold. 



Stem erect; leaves pinnately divided, segments lanceolate, ciliate, serrate; 

 leads twice larger than T. patula, solitary on the thickened and ventricose 

 peduncles. Garden annual. 



31. HELENIUM. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre in 2 rows. 

 ?appus of several 6-awned chaffy scales. Receptacle globose, 

 mkcd. Rays 3-cleft at summit. Per. 



1. H. autumnale. Sneeze-weed. 



Nearly smooth ; stem erect, branching, with winged angles ; leaves alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, serrate, decurrent; heads numerous, terminal on the stem and 

 branches, loosely corymbose, showy ; rays drooping, longer than the globular 

 disk, obtusely 3-toothed at apex. A showy plant, 2 3 ft high, very bitter to 

 he taste. Common in low grounds, along rivers in New York ; rare in New 

 England. Sen. 



22. ANTHEMIS. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays pistillate. Involucre hemis- 

 ihcrical, with the scales imbricate and nearly equal. Receptacle 

 'haffy, conical Pappus none, or (prming a minute crown on the 

 >bovoid achcnium. 



1. A. nobilis. Chamomile. 



Stem prostrate, branching at bade, woolly ; leaves pinnatifldly decompound ; 

 egments linear-subulate ; heads white, fragrant ; chaff scarions, lanceolate, 

 ither shorter than tho flowers. A common plant In gardens, cultivated for ItJ 

 fragrance and medicinal properties. July Sep. 



23. MARtJTA. 



Heads many-flowered. Rays neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 lemispherical. Receptacle chaffy, conical. Pappus none. Achenia 

 bovoid, smooth. An. 



1. M. cotula. May-weed. 



Stem erect, furrowed, very branching, nearly smooth ; leaves alternate, bt- 

 ilnnatifld; segments linear-subulate; heads solitary, on long, furrowed 

 >eduno)e&; rays white, deflexed ; disk yellow; Involucre-scales scarious on the 

 margin ; chaff bristly, shorter than the flowers, found en'y on the summit of the 



