172 



OBDEB LXTV. COMPOSITE CX)MP06ITE-FAMII.V. 



1. C. officinalia. 



Pot-Marigold. 



Vbdd-pabeseent; item erect, branching; (raves oblong, tootc, mncronate, 

 MasOe, somewhat toothed, dilate, aeabnot on the marjrtn ; heads few, Urge, 

 terminal. solitary. A haajdaooe annual, common U gardens, generally with 



aitM . : - n. 



40. CENTAtKEA. 



Headt many-flowered. Flower* mil tubular; marginal ones 

 mostly enlarged and sterile, resembling ray-flowers. Involucre 

 imbricate. Receptacle bristly. An. 



I. C. Cyanus. Bachelor's Button. 



Stem and, branching, downy ; leave* linear, sessile, downy ; beads solitary, 

 oTold ; sterile flowers longer than tlic disk ; Involucre-Males fringed. A com- 

 mon garden annul, sometimes naturalized along roataldee, generally wltli light 



blue flowers, bat varying to purplish, or white. July. 



. 



41. AMBtEISOA. 



Heads discoid. Marginal flowers usually enlarged and sterile. 

 Involucre-scale* imbricate. Pappus of oblong, or obovate scales, 

 sometime)) small or none. An. 



1. A.-moschdta. Sweet Sultan. 



Lower leave* lyntely toothed ; Involucre subglobose, smooth, with ovate 

 cales ; marginal flowers scarcely longer than the rest, not exceeding the disk; 

 heads purple, sometimes white. Gardens. July Oct. 



2. A. odon'ita. V< /low Sweet Sultan. 



Lower leaves somewhat broadly spatnlate ; upper ones lyrato at base ; mar- 

 ginal flowers enlarged, longer than the disk ; pappns chaffy, a litUe shorter than 

 the achenla ; heads yellow. A garden annual, sometimes varying to purple 

 flowers, and deeply plnnatifld leaves. July Ot. 



42. CABTHAUTJ8. 



Heads discoid. Flowers all tubular and perfect Involucre 

 of imbricated scales; outer ones foliaccons. Receptacle with 

 setaceous chaff. Pappus none. Acbenia 4-sided. An. 



1. C. tincturiua. Common Saffron. 



Stein smooth, oval, strlate, branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, den- 

 ticulate, with splnose teeth, somewhat clasping, smooth and shining; heads 

 large, terminating the branches, orangc-colorcu, with the numerous flowers long 

 and filiform. A common plant In gardens, sometimes used for dyeing. Stem 

 12 It high. July. 



48. XEr.ANTHF.MUM. 



Heads discoid. Involucre hemispherieal, with colored, opaque, 

 scarious scales, resembling rays. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus 

 chaffy and setaceous. An. 



1. X. .-111111111111. 



Stem erect, branching ; leaves alternate, oblong-lancoolaU>, more or ess ob- 

 tuse, entire; beads Urge, terminal, solitary; Involucre-Males, obtuse; Inner 

 OHM radiant, spreading, lanceolate, obtuse. A very elegant garden annual, with 

 large, spreading Involucre-Kale*, generally purple, but often of other colors, re- 

 iitiiiin ray-flowers. The heads retain their beauty through the winter. 



44. OHOPd'BDON. 



Head* discoid. Flowers all tubular, perfect. Involucre ven- 

 triooac, with coriaceous, imbricate, spreading, spinous scales. Re- 

 ceptacle deeply alveolate. Pappn- iipillary, u> 

 base into a ring. Achcnia 4-angled. Him. 



\. 0. Acrinthium. Cotton Thistle. 



Woolly; leaves oblong-ovate, document, toothed, aptnous; beads largo, 

 purple, solitary ; Involucre globose, white-downy, with spreading, linear-subu- 

 late scale*. A On* thistle,* 6 ft. high, covered throughout with cottony down. 

 MaliinllM.1 and common along roed-ddes. July. 



46. ClBBITJH. 



Heads dUcoid, many-flowered. Flowers all perfect. Involu- 

 ere-acale* usually tippfl with npini'i, imliricnlril in many rows. 

 HaceriUcle bristly. Papinu .f capillary, plumogc bristles united 

 in a ring at base. Achema oblong, comprcaaed, smooth. Ken. 

 99&pt JVo. 1 . 



1. 0. arv6nsc. Canada Thistle. 



Boot creeping; stem erect, branching; leaves plnnatln.l, with spiny teetk 

 sin. .tli orsomcwhat downy beneath ; heads small, light purple, numerous, In 

 a terminal, loose panicle ; involucre-scales closely appreated, tipped with mi- 

 nute spines. A very common and exceedingly troublesome weed, spreading 

 rapidly, by lu creeping root*, over fields and meadows, and rendering them un- 

 productive. Stem 28 ft. high. Introduced. July. 



2. C. discolor. Tall Tin 



Stem furrowed, hairy, leafy, branching; leaves plnnallfld, slightly hairy 

 above, covered with white wool beneath ; lobes divaricate, 2 3-cleft, UK seg 

 ments tipped with spines; beads rather large, pale purple, solitary; Involncre- 

 scales appnasod, tipped with spines. A tall thistle, 8 7 ft. high, not uncommon 

 In thickets and meadows. Aug. 



3. C. mi'iticum. Glutinous Thitlli . 



(all, slender, nearly or quite smooth, branching; leaves ptnnatifld, 

 (lightly hairy above, covered with thin white hairs beneath when young ; 

 lobes divaricate, lanceolate, acute, Incised, the tips armed with spines; heads 

 rather large, solitary, or nearly so, on the nearly naked branches; Involucre- 

 scales ovate, unarmed, sometimes mncronate, webbed and glutinous at ban. A 

 tall thistle, 8 7 ft high, common In swamps and low grounds. Aug. 



4. C. lanceolatuin. Common Thistle. 



Stem very branching, leafy ; leaves deeply plnnaUfld, decurrcnt, hispid above, 

 white and woolly beneath, with divaricate, splnesccnt segments ; heads large, 

 numerous, purple ; Involucre-ecalea spreading, lanceolate, tipped with long and 

 formidable spines. A very prickly thistle, 85 ft high, common along road- 

 sides and In waste places. Introduced. JulySej). 



5. C. primilum. Pasture Thistle. 



Stem very stout, hairy, nearly or quite simple; leaves plnnallfld, clasping at 

 base, green on both sides; segment* variously lobed and cut, dilate, splnose; 

 heads very huge, 1' 8 1 In diameter, fragrant, about 18 In number, purple, 

 rarely whitish ; involucre-scales spinons. A very common thistle, 12 ft. high, 

 distinguished by Its very largo fragrant heads, growing In pastures and fields. 



Ana. 



46. LAPPA. 



Heads discoid, many-flowered. Flowers all p.'iiVr!. Involu- 

 cre globose, with oppressed, imbricated BOM]. <, . M.-II lijipcil with 

 ilute, hooked appendmjy. K.vi'ptarl.' l.ri-ily. l':ippin 

 bristly, rough, deciduous. Achenia oblong, comprc^i >!. l'ir. 



1. L. mdjor. Jl unlock. 



"lit, very branching; radical leaves very large, cordate, on long 

 channelled, fleshy, petioles ; upper leaves ovate, much smaller ; all more or leas 

 woolly beneath, and undulate on the margin ; heads small, mostly la dense 

 clusters; corollas tubular, pink-colored, quito pretty; Involucre-scales imlinft 

 In a long, firm bristle, with a hook at the end. A very common weed In waste 

 grounds, distinguished by It* Urge root-leaves, as well as by the booked Invo- 

 lucre-scalca, which attach themselves to every tiling that passes. July A ug. 



47. CIC!ll>KlrM. 



Heads many-flow .nil. Iiuducri- <luble; outer of 5 short, 

 leafy scales; the inner of 8 10. Receptacle chaffy. I'nppu.s 

 short, chaffy. Achenia striatc. Per. 



1. C. intybus. Succory. 



Stem terete, with several long, nearly simple branches ; lower leaves nind- 

 nato ; upper one* oblong or lanceolate, more or leas clasping at base, slightly 

 dentate or entire, small and Inconspicuous; heads t9 together, axillary, snnHla, 

 light blue, showy ; corolla Moothed. A handsome phut, 2 8 feet high, natur- 

 alized In fields and road-aide*, not uncommon In districts near the coast July 



. ..Si;.. 



48. KBlOIA. 



Is 8 20-flow.'rc.!. liiv"]iiiTe-scale equal, in about 2 

 rows. Receptacle naked. Pappus dniiMr; the outer of 5 broad 

 scales; Hn- inii" % r < if fi bristles altcnmtingwitii the exterior scales. 

 Ai lii-iiia obconic. An. 



1. K. Virginica. 



Dwarf Dandelion. 



Acaoleaeaat; liarst lanoenlate, or narrowly spatolaie, often plnnatlfld o/ 

 l> rate, smooth; the early one* roundish, entire ; scapes several, slender, 1 -flow- 

 ered, rarely forked, eLmgaUd after flowering; beads small, yellow ; 1>> 



