ORDER LXIV. COMPOSITE COMPOSITE-FAMILY. 



173 



A pretty little plant with (lender scapes, 1' 6' bigb. Common In dry 

 nil*. Hay July. 



49. LEtiNTODON. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, with 

 several email scales at base. Receptacle naked. Pappus plumose, 

 persistent Achenia striate, somewhat rostrate. Per. 



1. L. autumnalis. Autumn Dandelion. 



A caulescent ; scape smooth, branching ; leaves radical, lanceolate, plnnatifid ; 

 peduncles scaly, thickened upwards ; heads yellow, on separate peduncles, rc- 

 semblir-g Kmewhat those of the dandelion. Naturalized in E. N. Enu-.. ami 

 common in flelus and road-sides. Scape 6' 15' high, bearing several beads. 



BO. TBAGOP&GOX. 

 Head* many-flowered. Involucre with numerous scales in a 

 ingle row. Receptacle naked. Pappus plumose. Achenia stri- 

 ate, with a long filiform beak. Bien. 



1. T. porrifolius. Salsify. Vegetable Oyster. 



Leaves long, linear, entire ; beads terminal, solitary, large, bhibli-j-uri^ , <m 

 peduncles thickened above; involucre-scales much longer than tbe corollas. A 

 garden vegetable, with showy flowers, chiefly cultivated for the root, which Is 

 in some esteem as an esculent Stem 1 2 ft. high. July Aug. 



61. LACTfJCA, 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre-scales in 2 or more rows. 

 Pappus copious, fugacious, soft and capillary. Achenia com- 

 pressed, with long, filiform beaks. 



1. L. elongata. Wild Lettuce. 



Stem tail, stoat, usually leafy, branching above; leaves smooth, paler 

 beneath ; lower ones clasping, runcinate ; upper ones lanceolate, entire, ioHe ; 

 heads small, numerous, racemose on the branches, forming a long, naked 

 panicle ; corolla yellow, rarely purple ; acbcnla oral, about as long as tbe beak. 

 A very variable plant, abounding In a milky juice, 9 6ft high, common In 

 rich, moist soils. Tbe most marked varieties are var. 1, integrlfolla, which has 

 the leaves mostly entire, and var. 2, sanguine*, with a more slender, IMS leafy, 

 and often purple stem, and the leaves all clasping, and runcinate, glaucous 

 beneath. Him. 



2. L. sativa. Garden Lettuce. 



Stem smooth, branching, corymbose above ; leaves more or leas orbicular, 

 very smootb ; cauline ones cordate ; beads numerous, small, yellow, In termi- 

 nal corymbs. A common garden annual with a milky juice, universally culti- 

 vated for salad. JuMJuly. 



6'i MULOEDIUM. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre-scales in 2 or more rows ; 

 outer scries short, imbricated; achenia compressed, striate, with 

 a short, thick beak. Pappus soft, capillary, copious, crowning the 

 Him. Bien. 



1. M. leucophaeum. Blue Lettuce. 



Stem tall, branching above, very leafy ; leaves plnnatifld, or runcinate, 

 coarsely toothed ; uppermost Seattle, often undivided ; heads small, numerous, 

 pale blue, on bracteate and scaly peduncles, forming a long, terminal panicle; 

 pappus tawny. A tall plant, with a milky juice, resembling a Lactuca, bat dis- 

 tinguished by Its bluish corollas. Stem 8 10 ft high. Common In low 

 grounds and thickets. Aug.Stp. 



58. IIIEIlACIUM. 



I !:!!- ninny -flowered. Involucre-scales usually more or less 

 imbricate. Achenia striatc, oblong, more or less rostrate. Pap- 

 pm "f tawny, fragile, capillary bristles, in a single row. Flauxrt 

 yellow. Per. 



1. II. Canadense. Canadian Hawkweed. 

 Stem leafy, somewhat pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, acute, 



dentate with coarse and acute teeth, senile; upper ones somewhat clasping; 

 heads large, on hairy peduncles, forming a terminal, paniculate corymb , In- 

 volucre-scales linear, imbricated. A stout species, with showy flowers, not un- 

 common In dry woods. Stem 18 ft high. Aug. 



2. H. veiiobuiii. Veiny Hawkweed. 



Mostly acaulwut ; stem or acape slender, smooth, i.fi.'ii ilij 1 or 2 leaves, 

 branching, loosely corymbose above ; radical leaves obovaV. sometimes oblong, 



nearly entire, on very short petioles, hairy above, nearly smooth and glaucous 

 beneath, ciliate, marked with purplish veins ; peduncles slender ; heads rather 

 small, solitary, bright yellow. A common species in dry woods, distinguished 

 by its purple-veined leaves. Scape or stem 12 ft. high, rarely leafy at base. 

 July Aug. 



3. H. Gronovii. 



Hairy Hawkweed. 



Stem erect, virgate, mostly simple, leafy and bairy below, nearly naked 

 above ; leaves obovatc, or oblong, entire, dilute, hairy, especially on the mid- 

 vein beneath ; heads on glandular, rather short pedicels, arranged in a long, 

 oblong panicle; involucre somewhat glandular; achenia enlarged upwards, 

 almost rostrate. A very hairy species, 1 3 ft high, not uncommon in dry 

 soils. Aug. 



4. H. scabrtun. Hough Hawkweed. 



Stem leafy, nearly simple, rough, hairy ; leaves bairy, nearly entire ; lower 

 ones obovatc, slightly petiolato, upper ones oval, sessile ; {>cdnnclo thick, glan- 

 dular-hispid ; beads 40 50 flowered, at first in a racemose, but finally some- 

 what corymbose panicle ; involucre densely glandular- hispid. A rough species, 

 15' 24' high, common in dry soils. 



5. H. paniculatum. 



Slender Hawkweed. 



Stem slender, with spreading branches, leafy, covered with whitish hairs 

 below : leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, smooth, 

 thin, denticulate ; heads very small, on long, slender peduncles, forming a loose 

 panicle. A slender and comparatively delicate species, 1 3 ft high, common 

 In damp woods and thickets. Aug. 



6. H. aurantiacum. Golden Hawkweed. 



Stem leafy, hispid ; leaves oblong, somewhat acute, pilose, hispid ; beads 

 large, orange-colored, in dense corymbs. A garden species. 



54. NABALUS. 



Involucre cylindrical, with 5 10 linear scales in one row, and 

 a few, short, appressed scales at base. Receptacle naked. Pap- 

 pus-bristles copious, capillary, brownish, or straw-color, in two 

 series. Achenia striatc, linear-oblong, without beaks. Per. 



1. N. dlbus. White Lettuce. 



Stem tall, smooth, somewhat glaucous, corymboscly paniculate above; 

 leaves angular-hastate, often 8 5-lobed ; upper ones ovate, dentate, or oblong, 

 entire ; Involucre purplish, consisting of about 8 scales ; heads 8 12-flowered 

 In axillary and terminal, nodding racemes; pappus brown Wi. A stout plant, 

 2 4 ft high, with very variable, often deeply lobcd leaves, common. In woods. 

 Aug. 



2. N. altissimns. Tall WJiite Lettuce. 



Smooth ; stem slender, tall ; leaves triangular-ovate, cordate, potiolate, 

 variously lobcd and toothed, or else nearly entire ; petioles naked or margined ; 

 involucre of 5 greenish scales ; heads nodding, 6 6-flowercd in axillary and 

 terminal racemes, forming a long, leafy, virgate panicle ; pappus of a dirty white 

 or pale straw-color. A tall species, 86 ft high, with exceedingly variable 

 leaves, common In woods. Aug. 



65. TARAXACUM. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; outer series of short 

 scales ; inner of linear, appressed ones. Receptacle naked. 

 Achenia oblong, with a long, filiform beak, crowned with the 

 white, copious, capillary pappus. Per. 



1. T. Dens-Leonis. Dandelion. 



Acaalescent ; smooth or nearly so ; scapes several, hollow, naked, 1-flowered ; 

 leaves rnnclnately toothed; heads large, erect, yellow; outer involucre re- 

 A very common plant In fields and pastures, with a tuft of radical 

 leaves, from wltlcb arise several scapes, which elongate after flowering; the In- 

 ner Involucre, at first closed, Is rcfleiod, and the achenia with their long beaks, 

 supporting an abundant pappus, form a white, globular head. Aprii- Oct. 



66. S6NCnDS. 



Heads many-flowered, at length tumid at base. Involucrc- 

 scales imbricate, unequal. Receptacle naked. Pappus-bristles 

 copious, white, very soft and capillary, in several series. Achenia 

 C'Hiipresscd, without beaks. An. 



1. S. oleraceus. Sow-Thistle. 



Smooth and glaucous; leaves runcinate, or sometimes nearly entire. 



