180 



ORDER LXXIX. VEBBENACEJE VKRVA1N-FAMILY. 



Dreading pedicels twice longer Uua tb bracti ; oorolU pile blue, marked with 

 brownish lines ; capsule turgid, emarglnate. A low, fleshy plant, 6-1 r high, 

 at uncommon in wet grounds. June Aug. Per. 



3. V. scutellnta. Marsh Speedwell 



Smooth; stem ascending, weak ; leaves linear, sessile, acute, remotely den- 

 ticulate ; racemes axillary, very loose and (lender, with > few remote, scattered 

 flower*, on filiform, dlnrlomte pedicels, very much longer than the bracts ; co- 

 rolla rather large, pale flesh-color, with purple lines; capsule flat, very broad 

 for Ib length, emarglnate. A slender species, 6' 19' high, common In swamps, 

 June Aug. Fer. 



4. V. serpylliffllia. 



Common Speedwell. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem low, prostrate, much branched at base, with 

 ascending, simple branches; leaves orate or oblong, somewhat crenate, obtuse; 

 lowest roundish, petlolate : upper sessile, passing Into lanceolate, entire bracts ; 

 flowers la loose, bracted, terminal racemes, elongated In fruit; corolla bine 

 and white, marked with purple lines, scarcely longer than the calyx; capsule 

 broader than long, obtusely cmargtnate. A pretty little plant, 2' 6' high, very 

 common In grassy fields and pastures. ilayStp. An. 



5. V. peregrina. ' Purslane Speedwell. 



Nearly smooth ; stem ascending, branched ; lowest leaves petlolate, oval- 

 oblong, dentate, obttue ; upper sessile, oblong, obtuse; uppermost oblong-linear, 

 entire, longer than the snbsesslle, solitary, axillary flowers ; corolla whitish ; cap- 

 sule orbicular, slightly emarglnate. A weed, 4' 10' high, common In culti- 

 vated grounds. May June. An. 



6. V. aryensis. Field Speedwell. 



Pubescent ; stem erect, simple, or diffusely branched ; leaves ovate, crcnate, 

 cordate at base ; lower petlolate ; npper ones mostly alternate, sessile, lanceo- 

 late ; flowers solitary, axillary, on pedicels shorter than the calyx, blue, marked 

 with purple lines ; capsule obcordate, with rounded lobes. A low, pale-green, 

 hairy plant, 8' 8' high, common In dry fields. MayJune. An. 



11. GERABDIA. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular, swelling above, with 6, 

 spreading, more or less unequal lobes ; 2 upper ones usually the 

 smallest Stamens 4, included, hairy. Style elongated. Capsule 

 orate, acuminate, many-seeded. 



Flauert purple or rote-color. Leave* linear. An. 



1. G. purprtrea. Purple Gerardia. 



Smooth; stem erect, angular, with long spreading branches; leaves linear, 



acute, rough on the margin; flowers axillary, solitary, snbsesslle; peduncles 



shorter than the calyx; calyx-teeth subulate; corolla bright purple, showy, 



smooth or slightly downy. A slender, very handsome plant, 8' 20' high, oom- 



inon In wet grassy grounds. Aug. 



2. G. maritima. Sea Gerardia, 



Smooth and somewhat fleshy; stem low, angular, branched from the base; 

 leaves linear, short, fleshy, mostly obtuse ; peduncles as long as the calyx ; flow- 

 ers half the size of the last; calyx-teeth short, truncate ; corolla purple. A 

 smoother species than the last, which It much resembles, distinguished by the 

 thick, fleshy leaves and truncate calyx-teeth. Stem 8' ' high. Salt marshes, 

 July Sep~ 



3. G. tenuifdlia. Slender Gerardia. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem very slender, very branching, diffuse ; leaves 

 linear, very narrow, entire, obtuse; flowers rather small, axillary, often opposite ; 

 peduncles filiform, nearly as long as the leaves; calyx-teeth short, acute ; co- 

 rolla pale purple, with a spreading, snbeqnal border. A delicate and elegant 

 species, usually very branching, but sometimes simple. Stem 6' 15' high, 

 Common In dry, rocky woods. Aug.Srp. 



Corolla yellow. Leatei broad, entire, or tarlouely loled and toothed. 

 Per. 



4. G. flaya. Yellow Gerardia. 



Pubescent; stem erect, simple, or branching towards the summit; leaves 

 opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, entire, obtuse ; lower ones usually 

 slnnately toothed; flowers large, opposite, axillary, on very short peduncles; 

 calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube. A tall, very showy 

 plant, 23 ft high. Common In dry wootls. The flowers are !'!(' long. 

 A*t- 



5. G. quercifolia. Oak-leaved Gerardia. 



Smooth aud glaucous ; stem tall, simple or somewhat branching ; leaves 



mostly opposite ; lower ones twice plnnatlfld ; upper oblong-lanceo4ate, pinna 

 tlfld or entire; flowers pedunculate, axillary, opposite, of a brilliant yellow, 

 large and showy ; peduncles nearly as long as the calyx ; segments of the calyi 

 linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube. A showy plant, much resembling the last 

 4 C ft high. Common In rich woods. Aug. 



6. G. pediculuria. Buslty Gerardia. 



Pubescent or somewhat smooth ; stem erect, very branching ; branches op- 

 posite ; leaves opposite, ovate, pinnatlfld ; the lobes variously cut and toothed 

 petioles short, hairy ; flowers large, yellow, often opposite, axlK. 

 longer than th calyx; segments of the calyx usually toothed, as long as the 

 hairy tube; corolla 1' long, with rounded, spreading segments. A bushr, lur. 

 truly splendid species, 34 ft high. Common In dry woods and thickets. 



Aug. 



IS. CASTILLtJA. 



Calyx tubular, flattened, 2 -4-cleft, included in more or leg/ 

 colored bracts. Corolla-tnbe included in the calyx; uppor li] 

 long and narrow, arched, compressed, inclosing the stamens 

 lower lip short, 3-lobed, Stamens 4. Anthers oblong-linear, S 

 lobed, with unequal lobes ; the exterior lobe fixed by the mi.Ml.' 

 the interior pendulous. Capsule many-seeded. Per. 



1 . C. coccinea. Painted Cup. 



Pubescent; stem erect, angular, simple ; leaves alternate, sessile, plnnatifid, 

 with linear and divaricate segments ; radical ones clustered at base ; bracts 3- 

 cleft, colored with bright scarlet at apex, rarely yellow, longer than the co- 

 rolla ; flowers subsesslle. In short, dense, terminal spikes ; calyx and corolla 

 greenish-yellow, the former tinged with scarlet at tip. A beautiful and remark- 

 able plant, distinguished by Its dense spikes of Inconspicuous flowers, < 

 In brilliant scarlet bracts. Stem 10' 20' high. Not uncommon In meadows. 

 May June. 



18. PEDICTJlABIS. 



Calyx campanulate or tubular, 2 5-clcft ; the segments leafy, 

 or sometimes obliquely truncate. Corolla strongly bilabiate ; np- 

 per lip arched, compress.-. I. I'niaiL'inate; lower lip spreading. :;- 

 lobed. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule oblique, 

 mucronate. Per. 



1. P. Canadensis. Jjotaneort. 



Pubescent ; steins low, erect, simple, clustered ; leaves petlolate, alternate ; 

 lowest pinnately dissected ; the rest snbplnnatlfld ; lobes oblong-ovate, crenalely 

 toothed; flowers In short, dense, hairy, terminal heads; calyx 2-toolhcd, or 

 truncated, in an oblique, downward direction ; corolla greenish-yellow, or dull 

 red ; upper lip vaulted, forming a helmet or galea, terminating In 2 setaceous 

 teeth, turned downwards ; capsule compressed, long-acuminate. A low, hairy 

 plant, V 15' high. Common In fields and pastures. May July. 



14. MELAMPYBUM. 



Calyx companulatc, 4-cleft; the lobes with long, l>ii>ll\ 

 points. Corolla-tube cylindrical, larger above ; upprr lip iin-h- 

 ing, compressed, somewhat shorter than the nearly -rv<-t, :;-!.. I, .-.I 

 lower lip. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule usually 

 4-seedcd, oblique, compressed. An. 



1. M. prat6nse. Cow-irJtmf. 



Smooth; stem erect, branching; leaves opposite, lanceolate, or linear, petlo- 

 late ; npper ones larger, with a few long, setaceous teeth, tapering to an obtuse 

 point at the extremity; flowers solitary In the axils of the upper leaves, re- 

 mote ; calyx smooth ; corolla yellowish, twice the length of the calyx. A slen- 

 der annual, 6' 10' high, common In dry and open wood*. July Aug. 



ORDER LXXIX. Verbenaceae. Vervain- 

 family. 



1. VEBBtNA. 



Calyx tubular, 6-toothed, often with 1 tooth shorter than th 

 rest Corolla funnel-form, sometimes curved; limb with l> 

 slightly unequal lobes. Stamens 4, rarely 2, included. Slyla 

 slender. Stigma capitate. Fruit cplitting into 4 uchcnia, 



1. V. hastata. Jllue Vervain. 



Stem tall, erect, with a few opposite branches above ; leaves lanceolate, 

 sharply Kirate, scabrous, prt|..!ui.' ; the ' 

 flowers sessile, In dense, slender, erect spikes, usually arranged In terminal 



