OKOKK rl\ . ^ M KrRACF..E LIJIAKD-TAII.-I \M1I V "I;I>I K i \ III. ITIMIi ilM'.lAfT.K- MTKi.l -I AMII.Y. 



marked with rocular ud prominent wins, OB short petiole*; flowers small, 

 purplish, pedicellate. In lateral clusters, appearing before tbe Icavea ; frail oval, 

 fringed with dens* down. A well-known tree, of largo size and very beautiful 

 growth, distinguished by IK long, pendulous branches Very iMimnon both In 

 woodf and open Heidi April. 



2. U. fillva. ,S'//y)j ry /;//. 

 Young branches roogh-pnbeMent ; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, scarcely 



oblique at bate, unequally and doubly serrate, pubescent and very rough on 

 both sides; buds covered with a rust-colored down ; flowera nearly sessile, in 

 dense clusters at the ends of the branchlets ; calyx hairy ; stamens much ex- 

 art, reddish, usually T; fruit nearly orbicular, naked on the margin. A 

 smaller spedes, not as common as the last, but frequent In rich, rocky woods. 

 Tbe mneUaglDous quality of the Inner bark, giving It IU common name, Is well 

 known. An. 



3. U. raccmosa. Cork Elm. 



Leaves ovate, varying to oblong-obovate, acuminate, obliquely cordate at 

 base, doubly serrate, smooth above, somewhat pubescent beneath ; flowers pe- 

 dicellate. In clusters of 88, arranged In compound racemes; fmlt elliptical, 

 pubescent, fringed on the margin with down. A large spedes, distinguished 

 from tbe others by the numerous corky excrescences, and the corky ridges of 

 tbe branches and downy branchlets. Not uncommon In Western N. Eng. and 

 In N. York. April. 



2. CELT1S. 



Flowera monoecious-polygamous. Calyx 6 6-parted, persistent 

 Stamens 5 6. Stigmas 2, long, recurved. Drupe globular, 1- 

 teeded. Trett or Shrub*. 



grounds. The leaves vary to nearly linear. The stem, Instead of floating 

 metlmes creeps along on the mud, bearing crowded, oblong leaves. Aprtt- 



1. C. occidcnt.-'ilis. 



Hackbcrry. 



Leaves ovate, entire, oblique at base, with a long, fine-acuminate point, 

 rough above, rough-pubescent beneath, often cordate or half-cordate at base ; 

 flowers small, greenish-white, axillary, solitary or In pairs, pedunculate, appear- 

 ing at the same time as the leaves ; lower ones usually with only stamens ; 

 fruit globular, with a thin, sweet flesh, small, dull red. In growth resembling 

 an Elm, and ranging In size from a small tree to one of considerable height. 

 Not uncommon In Northern or Eastern N. Eng., and becoming more abundant 

 Westward and Southward. May. 



ORDER CIV. 



Saururacese. Lizard-tail- 

 family. 



1. BAUEtTBUS. 



. Flowers perfect Stamens 6 8, or more, with long filaments. 

 Fruit compressed, of 3 i pistils united at base, with recurred 

 ttigmaa. Ovaries mostly 1-sceded. 



1. 8. cernuus. Lizard' 's-tail. 



Bt*m erect, weak, angled ; leaves cordate, acuminate, petlolate; flowers very 

 numerous, tessUe,whlte, In long, slender, plume-like, naked, pedunculate spikes, 

 nodding near the top, consisting simply of the long stamens, the ovaries, and 

 the white, tubular scale*. An elegant plant In marshes, distinguished by Its 

 long, nodding plume of white flowera. Host common In Western N. York. 

 July Aug. Per. 



ORDER CVI. 



Callitrichaceso. Stai*wort- 

 family. 



I. CALLITBtCHE. 



Aug. An. 



Flowers polygamous. Stamens solitary, in the sterile flowers 

 between the bracU, in the fertile between the pi-til and M. ril. 

 filaments, filiform. Anther cordate. Styles 2. Achenium indc- 

 hiscent, 4-lobcd,' 4-celled. 



1. C. verna. Water Chickweed. 



Floating; stems capillary, growing In tufts; leaves 8-nerved; npper ones 

 oblong spahilste, or oblong-ovate, arranged In a stellate cluster at top; lowc 

 ones linear; flowers minute, axillary ; bracts whitish; anthers exsert, yellow 

 A very delicate IIUIc water-plant, growing In shallow pnmU and In mudd) 



CVIII. Enphorbidcea 



SYNOPSIS OF T1IE OEXEKA. 



Apparent flutters containing; both Mamcni and 

 pintilk. 



1. Ecraoinn. Barren flowers numerous, each consisting of a single sta- 

 men, surrounding tbe pedicellate, perfect flower, and Inclosed In a common In- 

 volucre. 



* Stamen* and pi*tll in ncparnte flow-cm on the 

 *antr plant. 



8. ArALTriiA. Calyx of the barren flowera 8 4-parted. Ospsnle smooth. 

 Low weeds. 



a Iticixcs. Barren flowers with a 5-parted calyx. Petals none. Tall 

 annuals. 



4. Bfcstra. Barren flowers with a 8-leaved calyx; petals : stamens 4. 

 Fertile flowers with a 4-leaved calyx ; petals a Xvtrgnt* ikrabt. 



1. EUPHORBIA. 



Flowers momEcious, in a subcampanulate, usually petaloid, 

 4 5-parted involucre. Sterile flowers numerous, included with- 

 in ill.' involucre, con-i.-ting of a ningle stamen on a joint. 

 eel, and furnished with a liraot at base. Antli 



the . 



separate, globular cells. Fertile flower solitary, in 

 pedicellate, iinallv much cxscrt, consisting of 11 :; l"l 

 <ivnry. d.-itiiiitc' '>( a calyx Styles 8, each 'J-jiiirlfd. c 

 eomsraBC of 3 l-secded" carpels, opening each by 2 

 Herbt wtth a milky juice. 



llttidt ojfowtrt umbellate. LtaiM oppotitt. 



1. E. Lrithyris. Caper Spurge. 



Smooth; stem erect, stout, branching ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat 

 acute, entire, sessile ; umbel usually with 4 dlchotomous rays; leaves of tli.- in- 

 volucre oblong-ovate, cordate at base, acuminate ; fruit and M 

 tall spedoa, common In gsrden^ and sometimes springing up In waste 

 Stem! 8 ft high. July Sep. Bit*. 



* * lleadt of flown in axillary and terminal cliuUn. 



2. E. bypcricifolia. >'/" 



Btom smooth, nearly erect, with spreading branches ; loaves opposite, oval- 

 oblong, or oblong-ovate, serrate, cillate, obliquely cordate at base, 8 U-iierved 

 beneath, often with oblong purple spots; beads whitish, in axillary at 

 nal clusters, forming a sort of terminal corymb. A slender weed-like plant, V 

 15' high, common In waste and cultivated grounds. July Aug. An, 



3. E. maculata. Spotted ,V 



Mostly hairy ; stem prostrate, diffusely branching ; leaves oval, acs-i 

 ralate, imoothlsh above, pale and hairy beneath, often with large, purple spots 

 above, short-pctlolate ; heads of flowers In axillary dusters, minute, whltlih. 

 A prostrate spcdcs, forming flat patches. The stem and leaves abound In tin. 

 milky Juice of the genus. Common In cultivated grounds. JunSep. An. 



4. E. polygonifrilia. Sea Spurge. 



Very smooth; stem prostrate, very branching; leaves nan 

 tuse at base, entire, destitute of veins ; heads of flowers solitary In HM- 

 the branches. A very smooth, glaucous, prostrate spedes, with abundant milky 

 Juice. Tbe dlchotomous stem to usually bright red. Common along sandy 

 sea-shores. July-Sept. An. 



S. ACALYPHA. 



Flowers moncecious. Barren flowers very email, crowded in 

 spikes; calyx -l-pnrtcd; stamens 8 16, united at base. FcrtiJf 

 flower* few, at the b*M of the barren |.ik.-; col; 

 Styles 8, elongated, frii. 



1. A. Virginica. 7'lirec-sccdcd M< miry. 



Mora or lea* pubescent ; stem erect or ascending, branching ; leaves ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, long-petlolate. serrate ; barren flowers In short axillary spikes, on 

 short peduncles; pistillate flowers I -8 together In the axils, pedicellate, each 

 enveloped In a huge, leaf-like, brorul, cordate-ovate, unequally lolw.l sn>! 

 acuminate bract, which Is lonccr than the barren spike. A common evd In 

 T.| (rronn.l-. St. in (V -l.V high. Aug. An. 



