196 



< xn. MYUICACE^ D\\ 1:1 i:in-i 1:11:1:. 



r-thaped, much shorter thin the oblong-ovate Morn. A tall, 

 naixlsuciM tree, very common In forests every where. Th wood 15 reddish and 

 coarse-grained, chiefly valuable for fad. The leave* torn rod In autumn. May 



6. Q. coccinca. Scarlet Oak. 



Leaves oblong or oral In outline, smooth, deeply and slnnately 5 (Mobod, 

 bright-green on both rides, on long petlolea ; lobes divaricate, sparingly toothed, 

 with broad, open, deep sinnse*, which extend two-thirds to the mid-vein, or 

 further ; enp> very Mmly, somewhat turbtnatc. Inclosing about J of the round 

 ovate, aeon. A very Urge and handsome tree, of symmetrical growth, dis- 

 tinguished from the last especially by the smaller, bright-green leaves, which 

 are much more deeply lobed, and turn crimson In autumn. May. 



7. Q. tincWria. Slack Oak. 



Leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, pubescent with rusty down beneath, at 

 length nearly smooth, slnnately lobed ; lobes somewhat dentate, with shallow, 

 sometimes deep sinuses between ; cup deep, very scaly, Inclosing abont ) of the 

 nearly globular acorn. A Urge tree, common In forests, distinguished by the 

 nearly black color of the bark, and by Us yellow Inner bark, which furnishes the 

 Quercitron of dyer*. The leaves turn to a brownish-yellow In autumn. May. 



8. Q. ilicifblia. Scrub Oak. 



Shrubby ; leaves obovate, cuneato at base, with 8 6 angular lobes, white- 

 downy beneath, on long petioles ; cup turbinate, nattlsh ; acorn small, ovoid. 

 A shrub 8 ft high, of Irregular, straggling growth, common in dry, sandy 

 soils. The barren flowers are of a reddish color. May. 



2. C AST AX K A. 



Barren flowers in separate clusters, arranged in long, cylindri- 

 cal amenta; calyx 5 6-partod; perfect stamens 8 15. 

 flowers 2 3 together, inclosed in a ]>rickly, 4-lobed involucre ; 

 calyx-border 6 -6-lobed; ovary 3 6-ccllcd", with 10 15 ovules; 

 styled 3 6 capillary; nuts 2 3 together, inclosed in the en- 

 larged, thick, coriaceous involucre. Chiefly trees. 



I. C. vfisca. Chestnut. 



Leaves oblong-lanceoUte, acuminate, marked with very prominent, straight 

 veins, and coarse, mncronate teeth, smooth and green on both sides ; sterile 

 amenta long, pendulous, axillary at the extremities of the branches, with the 

 fertile flowers at base, yellowish-white, very abundant, appearing alter the leaves 

 are full-grown ; nuts 2 8 together, of a peculiar, rich brown, hairy above, 

 flattened on the sides, Inclosed In a green, very prickly, 4-parted Involucre. A 

 very common forest tree, of large size and handsome growth. The wood Is light 

 and elastic, but coarse-grained. July. 



t. FAOUS. 



Barren flowers in small, globose heads, on nodding peduncles; 

 calyx cnmpanulate, 5 6-clefi; stamens 612. Ferule flowers 

 mostly 2 together, inclosed within a prickly involucre, bracted at 

 base ; calyx with 4- 5 subulate lobes ; ovary S-ccllcd ; cells 2- 

 ovuled ; styles 3, filiform. Nuts 1-seedcd, acutely triangular, 2 

 together in the prickly, 4-lobed involucre. Trees. 



1. F. ferruginea. Seech. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, with distinct teeth, thin, marked by the 

 straight, prominent veins, softly pubescent and dilate when young, at length 

 nearly or quite smooth, light green, withering and mostly persistent In the 

 winter; flowers appearing with the leave*; barren yellowish, soft-pubescent, 

 In little, globular clusbua, on slender peduncles, 8' long; nuts usually 2 to- 

 gether, dark brown, wit', an oily, sweet kernel. A handsome and very common 

 forest tree, distinguished by Its smooth, undivided, light gray bark, and the 

 young shoot* more or less pubescent with soft balm. May. 



4. C0RYLU& 



Barren flowers in long, drooping, cylindrical amenta, each fur- 

 i -li' ! with a concave bract and a ".-purled r ; ,U \. forming a 8- 

 lobe<l wale, to which the 8 stamens are affixed ; anthers 1 -celled. 

 Fertile flowers several together, in terminal and lateral li.-ad--. 

 calyx none; ovaries several, 2-ccllcd ; coll* 1-ovnli-d; Mipraas 2, 

 fiilifonn. Nut bony, ovoM, surrounded by the enlarged, leafy. 

 curincw.in involucre, consisting of 2 3 enlarged bracta, united 

 und tubular at base, more or less lobed or fringed at summit 



Ante 



1. C. American*. Hazel nut. 



VoBBf branch** glaudular-pobeaomf leave* cordate, rounded, acuminate. 



coarsely serrate; amenta appearing bofur* the leaves; stigma* of the fertlk 

 bods red, forming a little tuft at the top of the bud ; involucre somewhat cain- 

 panulatu below, dilated, coarsely toothed and compressed above, glandular-pu- 

 bescent, twice as long as the globular nut. A very common shrub, S S ft 

 high, growing In thicket*, well-known fur Its fine-flavored kernel .1. 



2. C. rostr.ita. Sea/, ',,,,t. 



Young branches smooth; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, somewhat cordate 

 at base, acuminate, coarsely and unequally serrate ; flowers as In the last; In- 

 volucre-tube campanulate, contracted above the globular nut, and prolonged In- 

 to a strong, carved, tabular beak, which Is J-parted, fringed and covered with 

 stiff bristles. A shrub resembling the last, but most obviously distinguished by 

 the Involucres of the fruit, and the yonng branches which are smooth. Stem 

 2 8 ft high. Not uncommon along streams and moist thicket*. May. 



6. (JSTBYA. 



Barren flowers in drooping, cylindrical amenta ; stamens 8 

 12, furnished, with a roundish, fiiiate bract, instead <>f a 

 anthers bearded at apex. Fertile flowers mum IMII-, with mnfl, 

 deciduous bracts in loose amenta, each inclo M d in an i; 

 membranous, sac-like involucre, which at length enlarging, 

 contains the ripened nut. Ovary . nle.l. 



1. 0. Virginica. Iron-wood. 



Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, sheathing and unequally serrate, 

 petlnlaUs somewhat pubescent; fertile aments pendulous, whitish, u. 

 sembllng a cluster of Hops; Involucre-scales bristly at base. A small, slen- 

 der tree, with a finely furrowed bark, and very compact, tough wood. The 

 fertile aments when full grown arc about 2' long, and quite showy. Common 

 in rich, moist woods. April May. 



. CARPlNTJS. 



Barren flowers in drooping, cylindrical amenta ; ctamehs 8 

 12, furnished with a roundi-h. entire, eiliute ! ..1 ( a 



calyx; filaments very ,-hort; anther* 1. carded at MJ.O.Y. Fertile; 

 flowers mostly in twos, each jiair with a small, deciduous bract, 

 contained in a large, 3-lobed involucre, all arranged in a loose 

 amcnt, each flower with a 2-oellc.l. 'j-.vulcd o\arv, terminating 

 in 2 filiform stigmas. Kuta small, ovoid, furrow !. pedicellate. 

 each furnished with an enlarged, open, and leaf-like scale as an iu- 

 volucre. Trees. 



1. C. Americana. Hornbeam. 



Leaves oval or oblong-ovate, acuminate, acutely and unequally ferrate, i>e- 

 UoUte; fruiting aments drooping, long, loose, with the dark-brown nuts ar- 

 ranged by twos, each with a Urge, 8-Iobod, light-green Involucre ; middle seg- 

 ment of the Involucre the longest A small tree with smooth, light-green bark, 

 and very compact, fine-grained, tough wood. Common along streams and hi 

 low thickets. April May. 



< >I:I>F.R CXII. 



Myricacese. 



1. MYEIOA. 



Flowers dioecious. Barren on oblong, closely imbricated 

 amenta, destitute of calyx, each contained in a scale-like bract; 

 Stamens 2 8. Fertile ilowers in ovoid nmcnN. dc.-titnte of cal\ \, 

 each contained in a scale-like bract Ovary solitary, with ". fill- 

 :orm stigmas. Fruit a globular nut, covered ith r< --inoin scales. 

 SKnbs. 



1. M. Gale. Sweet-gale. 



Leaves lanccoUto, cuneate at base, serrate near the apex, on very short 

 Mtiolea, appearing long after the flowers. Barren aments clustered; seals! 

 ovate, cordate, acuminate, dilate ; fruit In dense, oblong heads. A low shrub 

 with a dark-brownish bark. The dark-green leaves, and the fruit when 

 crushed, have a pleasant, spicy odor. Shrub 8 4 ft hl(.-h. .\i>r!l. 



2. M. ccr Saybcrry. 



Leaves smooth, oblong, tapering at base, entire, or with * \ cry f, u 

 teeth toward the apex, petlolate, paler beneath, shining green above, punctate 

 with resinous dots, just preceding the flowers; sterile amenta scattered ; nut* 

 more or less elostered, covered with wax. A low and very branching shrub, 



7 ft high, common in dry, sandy soils, in districts near the coast Tim 

 eaves an fragrant, and the hard, globose fruit Is covered with a coating of wax. 

 May. 



