I'XIX. ARACILB ARUM-TUII'.! , 



2. ABIES. 



Barren amenta scattered, or clustered near the ends of the 

 branchleU Strobile small, round-oblong, with thin, flat scales, 

 not tliickened at apex or terminating in a point Seeds winged. 

 Cotyledons 3 9. 



1. A. Canadvnsis. Hemlock. 



Leaves flat, linear, obtuse, glaucous beneath, mostly In 2 rows ; cones ovoid, 

 terminating the branch**, a little longer than the leaves ; scales few, rounded, 

 entire. A tall, evergreen tree, of elegant growth. In rocky, hilly woods. Gom- 

 IDOB, especially toward the North. The trunk la large and covered with a rough, 

 dark-brown bark. The branchlets are slender, and brittle ; the Umber In light 

 and soft, hot leas valuable than that of the pines. May. 



2. A. nigra. Black Spruce. 



Leaves 4-angled, rigid, short, dark-green ; cones pendulous, ovoid ; scale* un- 

 dulate, and toothed at the apex. A tall tree, common In the northern districts 

 of N. Eng. and N. York. In growth It assumes a pyramidal form, and Is dis- 

 tinguished by Its branches and very dark leaves, which thickly cover them. 

 May. 



3. A. ilba. Wliite Spruce. 



Leaves 4-angled, slender, spreading, Irregularly scattered, of a light, glaucous 

 green; cones oblong, loose, pendulous; scales brosd-obovate, entire. A tall, 

 slender, and elegant species, common in swamps and moist woods, especially In 

 northern N. Kng. and N. York. The trunk Is covered with a light-colored bark, 

 and the slender branchlets are often pendulous. May. 



4. A. balsdmea. Balsam Fir. 



Leave* narrow-linear, flat, obtuse, bright-green above, silvery-white beneath ; 

 cone* erect, huge, cylindrical, violet-colored ; bracts obovate, approsscd. A slen- 

 der and beautiful fir, common in the cold woods and swamps of northern N. 

 Eng. and N. York. It Is of regular pyramidal growth, and is distinguished 

 from the preceding species by the silvery under-sorface of the leaves. The 

 trunk is covered with a smooth bark, abounding In receptacles of a peculiar re- 

 tin or balsam, which Is extracted and used for a medicine. May. 



8. TIltUA. 



Flowers monoecious, the two kinds on separate bran< 1j< -. 

 Barren flowers in small, ovoid aments; stamens attached )>y a 

 scale-like filament, with 4 anther-cells. Fertile flowers coi^Ui'inir 

 of a few loose scales, each bearing 2 erect ovules at the base in- 

 side. Seed winged. Cotyledons 2. 



1. T. occidcntdlis. Arbor-vita. 



Leaves rhomboid-ovate, appressed, imbricate in 4 rows on the 2-odged, flat 

 branchleU; cones nodding, oblong ; scales without joints, 1 -seeded ; seeds with 

 broad Tings. An evergreen tree of straggling, Irregular growth, common in 

 swamps In northern N. Enjr. and N. York. The trunk Is crooked, and dimin- 

 ishes In size very rapidly. The foliage Is peculiarly aromatic and fragrant, a 

 quality, however, which Is mostly lost when cultivated, as It often Is for hedges. 

 May. 



4. CUPR6SSU8. 



Kl'iwers monoecious, the two kinds on separate branches. Bar- 

 ren flowers in ovoid aments; scales peltate, bearing 2 6 niiili.T-- 

 eells. Fertile flowers in globular aments; scales peltate, in 4 

 rtiwn, Waring several erect ovules at base. Cone globular, not 

 opening till mature. Seeds compressed, winged. Cotyledons 2 3. 



1. C. thyoides. White Cedar. 



Leaves orate, with a gland on the back, imbricated In 4 rows on the com- 

 pressed branehlets, minute, dull-green. A moderately large tree In swamps, 

 from N. Eng. southward. It Is quite regular in Its growth, and Is distinguished 

 from Thuja, which Is often confounded with It, by the dull-green, minute leaves, 

 and the small, compact, globular cones. 



B. JUNlPEBUB. 



Flowers dioecious, sometimes momjBcious, in very small a' 

 Barren aments scales peltate, bearing 3 G anther-cells on tln-ir 

 lower margin. Fi-rt ih- nnn-nU globose ; scales few, flenhv, adher- 

 ing at hose, Waring 1 3 ovules, forming in fruit a scaly berry 

 containing 2 3 bony seeds. Cotyledons 2. 



1. J. romiin'iiiH. Juniper. 



Leaves linear, subulate, spreading, mncronate, bright-gram below, glaucous 

 and paler above ; barren flowers In small, axillary aments; fertile flowers axil- 



lary, sessile, In small, globular cones ; berries round-cylindrical, dark-blue, and 

 of a sweetish-turpentine taste. A shrub with rigid branches, prostrate on the 

 ground, rarely erect and tree-like. 



2. J. Virginiuna. 



Leaves In 4 rows, crowded In pairs or threes, on young or rapidly growing 

 shoots, subulate. In other oases very small, triangular-ovate, closely Imbricated ; 

 barren flowers In small, oblong aments; berries small, blue, with a glaucous 

 bloom. A very small tree, of irregular growth, known In N. Eng. a.i 

 The trunk diminishes rapidly In size, with crowded, horizontal branches. The 

 wood Is reddish and fragrant, very compact and lasting. Sometimes It appears 

 as a shrub with prostrate branches. April May. 



CLASS IL-E 



ORDER CXIX. Aracese. A non-tribe. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



* Flower* all pcrtYft. 



4. ACORUS. Snathe none. Spadlx lateral, borne on an enslform scspe. Se- 

 pals 6. Stamens 6. 



8. SVMPLOC Axrus. Spathe present Spadlx from the root Sepals 4. Sta- 

 mens 4. 



* * Flower* mono-don* or pol yirnmoiis. 



1. Aitrv. Flowers monoecious, rarely polygamous. Spadlx naked toward 

 Uie .summit, with the pistillate, flowers at base, and the staminate flowers abov 

 thorn. 



2. Pr.i.rivnnA. Flowers monoecious, covering thcspadlx; lower. 



,-r t-Uinlnatfl. 



8. Ciu.A. Klojvers covering the spadlx, the lower ones perfect, tl. 

 usually entirely staminate. 



J. ARDSt. 



Flowers mostly monoecious, rarely polytfamous-diopcious, sitna 

 ti-.l at the base of a spadix, which is nakcil nlx've. Fertile il"w 

 crs below. Barren above, inclosed in a cucullnte spathe, i ..... \" 

 lute at base. Perianth none. Berries distinct, 1 -veiled, several- 

 seeded. Per. 



1. A. triphyllum. Wake-robin. Indian Turnip. 



Acaulesoent; leaves mostly 2, on long petioles, sheathing at base, temato ; 

 leaflets ovate or oval, acuminate, sessile ; spadlx shorter than, and Included 

 within the ovate, acuminate spathe, which Is flattened and bent over t 

 the spadlx, and Is frequently marked with dark purple or whitish spots or 

 stripes, otherwise of a dark, shining green. A well-known plant, common in 

 rich, rocky woods. Scape, ' 12' high, arising from a globular, fleshy, rugose 

 i. .nn, situated beneath the surface. This bulb possesses an Intense acridity, 

 which disappears by drying or heat The fruit Is a bunch of bright rod berries, 

 ripe in autumn. 3fay. 



2. PELTANDRA, 



Flowers monojcious, COM riiii,' I lie long epadix. Spathe elon- 

 gated, convolute, undulate- on the margin. I'eriMiith none. An- 

 thers on the upper part of thespadix, sessile, peltate. Ovaries at 

 the base of the spadiz. Berries distinct, 1-cclled, 1 .'{-seeded. 

 Per. 



1. P. Virglnica. Arrow Arum. 



Acaulesoent; leaves oblong-sagittate, acute at apex, with obtuse lobe*, ..:, ], ,- 

 petioles, dark, shining green, of large sbte; spathe elongated, curved at apex, 

 dark green, enveloping the slander spadlx; ovaries sessile, In dense clusters at 

 the base of the spadlx, becoming a bunch of green berries. An elegant water 

 plant, W 19' high, distinguished by Its large, sagittate, shining, dark green 

 leaves, and Its green, clustered berries. JuntJuly. 



S. CALLA. 



Spatho ovate, spreading, pewistent Spadix covered with 

 the lower perfect, the <ip]wr often entirely staminnte. 

 I'erianth none. Berries distinct, several-seeded. 



1. C. palustris. Wild Calla. 



Acaulesoent ; rhlzoma creeping, rooting at the joints ; leaves cordate, aru- 

 mlnatc, Involutes! the extremity, on long petioles; scape solitary, green and 

 thick ; spathe clasping at base, recurved, greenish or yellowish, white within : 

 berries In a small cluster, rod and juicy when ripe. A low herb in cold swamps, 

 with a creeping rhlzoma, pervaded, as Is usual In the order, with an an 

 clple. Scape 8' 8' high. Common In the northern districts. JuntJuly. 



