ORDER CXXXII. LILIACE.E LILY-TRIBE. 



207 



4. A. Cepa. Onion. 



Scmpe stoat, hollow, swelling below the middle, glaucous ; leaves round, hol- 

 low, swelling below the middle, glaucous, shorter than the scape ; umbel glo- 

 bose, many-flowered ; flowers greenish-white. Universally cultivated for its 

 bulb, whose value as an esculent vegetable Is well known. Scape 3 * ft high, 

 appearing the second year from the seed. July. 



5. A. sativum. Garlic. 



Bulb compound, consisting of several smaller ones united, and Included in 

 one covering membrane ; stem leafy, bnlblferons ; leaves linear; flowers small, 

 white; stamens 3-cleft A species sometimes cultivated for its acrid and strongly- 

 flavored bulbs, which are used as a seasoning. Scape 2 ft high. July. 



6. A. porrum. Leek. 



Stem compressed, leafy ; leaves long, alternate, linear, sheathing at base ; 

 nmbel Urge, many-flowered ; flowers small, white ; stamens 8-cleft. Often 

 cultivated. The root is a cylindrical, scaly bulb. Stem 2 ft high. July. 



1. A. schzcnoprasum. 'Give. 



Scape leafy only at base ; leaves round-subulate, in dense tufts, equalling the 

 scape ; umbels densely flowered ; flowers purplish. A small species, often cul- 

 tivated, and distinguished by Its very slender leaves and (capes. June. 



8. ORNITH6GALUM. 



Perianth leafy, 6-parted; segments spreading above the mid- 

 dle. Filaments >;. dilated at base. Stigma 3-angled. Capsule 

 nmndi-h, ariL'liM. See. Is roundish. 



1. O. umbellatum. Star of Bethlehem. 



Scape naked ; leaves narrow-linear, channelled, as long as the (cape ; flowers 



few, loosely corymbose, pedicellate, bracted ; sepals white, marked with a green 



A low and rather pretty plant, often cultivated, and 



-s naturalized in meadows along the coast Scaped' 8' high. Jftly. 



9. HYACINTH' 



i nth varying from funnel-form to campanulate, snbglobose ; 



:imens 6, inserted near the middle of the 



with 3 honey-bearing pores at summit. Cells 



lie 1 li-.-e. 



1. H. orientalis. Hyacinth. 



Scape naked ; leaves llnear-lanceo!ate, half as long as the scape ; flowers in a 

 dense, terminal and somewhat thyrsold raceme ; perianth funnel-form, cleft to 

 the middle, swelling at base. A splendid bulb, long cultivated and admired. 

 Scape G' 12' high. Flowers usually purple, varying to pink, white, blue, and 

 nil very frttfmt April May. 



10 CONVALLARIA. 



Flowers racemed. Perianth campanulate, 6-parted ; segments 

 spreading, united at base. Stamens 6, at the base of the seg- 

 meiiK Berry globose, 2-celled. 



1. C. majalis. Lily of the Valley. 



Scape smooth, naked, seml-crlindrlc; leaves usually 2, situated near the 

 base of the scape, ovate or elliptic-ovate ; flowers white, fragrant, in a simple, 

 loose, 1-sided raceme. A delicate, sweet-scented little plant, native of the 

 South, and often cultivated In gardens, Scape 5' 6' high. .!/;/. 



11. CLINT6NIA. 



Flowers umbellate. Perianth campanulate. Sepals 6, dis- 

 tinct, deciduous. Stamens 6, inserted at the base. Style long, 

 filiform, columnar. Stigma semicircular, depressed. Ovary 2- 

 celled. Berry ovoid, several-seeded. 



1. S. bifolia. 



Two-leaved Solomon's Seal. 



1. C. borealis. 



Wild Lily of the Valley. 



Rhlzoma slender, creeping ; scape naked, 2 4-lenvcd at bae : leaves large, 

 oval or oblong, petlolate, smooth and shining, dilate with scattered hmtrs ; flow- 

 ers few, rarely single, greenish-yellow, nodding, in a terminal umbel ; perianth 

 somewhat pubescent untside ; berries blue. An elegant liliaceous plant, com- 

 mon In damp woods, especially In northern district". Scape 8' 12' high ; leaves 

 SMong. Junt. 



12. SMILAClNA. 



Perianth 4 6-parted, spreading, deciduous. Stamens 4 6, 

 inserted at the base of the segments. Ovaries 2 3-celled. Berry 

 r, f' "'- Rhizamn rr"jnruj. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem mostly 2-Ieaved ; leaves cordate, petiolate, or 

 sessile ; flowers very small, white, in a dense raceme ; perianth 4-parted ; sta- 

 mens 4 ; berry 2-celled, reddish, spotted. A delicate little plant, common in 

 moist woods. Stem 4' S' high. 3fay. 



2. S. racemosa. False Spikenard. 



Minutely pubescent ; stem leafy, flexuous, recurved at top ; leaves oval or 

 oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate, ciliate, strongly veined, abruptly tapering to a 

 short petiole ; flowers very small, white, in a large, compound paniculate ra- 

 ceme ; parts of the flower in sites ; ovary 8-celled ; berry pale red, spotted with 

 purple. A common species in moist woods and thickets. Stem 12 ft. high. 

 Jane. 



3. S. stellata. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. 



Smooth; stem erect, leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, glaucous be- 

 neath, somewhat clasping; flowers white, larger than in the last, in a simple 

 raceme; parts of the flower in sixes; ovary 2-celled; berries very dark purple. 

 A smaller species, with larger flowers than the last, found on river-banks, and 

 most common In the northern districts. Stem 8' 15' high. May June. 



IS. POLYOONATUM. 



Perianth tubular, 6-cleft at summit. Stamens 6, inserted at 

 or above the middle of the tube, and inclosed in it. Ovary 3- 

 celled. Berry globular. Cells 1-seeded. 



1. P. pube'scens. Solomon's Seal. 



Stem recurved at summit, round, rarely marked with a single furrow; 

 leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, glaucous and very slightly pubescent 

 beneath, 8 5-velned, sessile ; peduncles axillary, smooth, nodding, 1 2-flower- 

 ed ; flowers greenish ; filaments Inserted near the summit of the perianth ; 

 berry dark blue, often nearly black. A common plant of elegant growth, found 

 in woods and thickets. Stem 12 ft high. June. 



2. P. canaliculaturn. Large Solomon's Seal. 



Stem tall and stout, angular or channelled, recurved; leaves oblong-ovate, 

 somewhat clasping at base, smooth and green on both sides, marked with nu- 

 merous prominent veins; peduncles nodding, smooth, 2 S-flowered ; flowers 

 greenish; filaments Inserted at the middle of the perianth-tube ; berries as In 

 the last A much stouter plant than the last, 25 ft high, growing In rich, 

 moist thickets, and along rivers. It is occasionally found in N. Eng., but is 

 most common In the Middle States. June. 



14. UVULAEIA. 



Perianth nearly campanulate, deeply 6-parted ; segments 

 with a honey-bearing groove at base. Stamens 6, short, adherent 

 to the base of the segments. Anthers comparatively long. Style 

 deeply 3-cleft Capsule 3-angled, 3-celled, opening by 3 valves 

 at top. Seeds few in a cell, arilled. Rkizoma creeping. 



1. U. grandiflora. 



Large Bellwort. 



Stems branching above, recurved ; leaves perfollate, oblong or oval-ovate, 

 paler beneath ; flowers large, greenish-yellow lily-like, nodding, terminating 

 the branches; sepals smooth within ; anthers somewhat obtuse. A very grace- 

 ful plant, with greenish-yellow, flowers, common in rich woods, especially in 

 the Northern districts. Stem 8' 13' high. May June. 



2. TJ. perfoliata. 



Perfoliate Bellwort. 



Stem recurved, branching above ; leaves pcrfoliate, oval-lnnccolste or ob- 

 long-lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; flowers greenish-yellow, solitary, nodding, 

 on one of the usually two branches of the stem ; sepals rough inside; antaers 

 acute. An elegant species smaller than the last, common in moist thickets and 

 rich woods. The stem divides into 2 branches, one bearing the leaves, the other 

 leaves and th6 flower. Plant 6' 16'. May. 



3. U. sessilifttlia. Sessile-leaved Bellwort. 



Smooth ; stem recurved and branching above ; leaves sessile, not perfoliate, 

 oval or oval-lanceolate, pale green, glaucous beneath ; flower solitary, yellow- 

 ish-white, terminating as in the last, one branch of the stem while the other is 

 occupied by leaves ; sepals smooth within ; anthers acute. A delicate llttlo 

 plant, common In low woods. Stern 5' 12' high. Jtfiiy. 



15. STKtiPTOPUS. 



Perianth campanulate, 6-parted ; segments recurved, spread- 

 ing, each with a honey-hearing furrow at tmse ; :; inner ones 



