31S 



ORDEI; \i . i ; I:\MINK,*: OKAIW-KAMII.Y. 



2. T. ripens. Couch Grass. 



(Mm erect, arising from t creeping riiliomi ; leave* linear-lanceolate, some- 

 what rough or baity abort ; spike compressed ; splkcloU remote, alternate, 4 8 

 flowered ; glumes 8 T-remed, lanceolate ; awn none, or not half the length of 

 the Bower. A naturalized specie*, growing as a weed In gardens, where It pro- 

 pagatei rapidly by IU creeping root-stalks, and la extremely difficult to eradi- 

 cate. Culm 1-* ft. high. Junt-Aug. Per. 



11. BECALE. 



SpikeleU 2 8-flowcred, spicate, each attached to a single 

 point of the rachis ; lower flowers sessile and opposite ; upper 

 often abortive. Glumes subulate, opposite, shorter than the 

 flowers. Lower palea ciliate on the keel and margin, tipped with 

 a very long awn ; upper often 2-toothed at apex. An. 



I. 8. cercale. Bye. 



Calm tall, erect, slender, hairy below the spike ; leaves rough above and on 

 the margin, glaucous ; spike, long, compressed ; awns long and straight A very 

 valuable grain, universally cultivated. Culm 3 ft. high, with a spike 8' 6' 

 long. June. 



22. L6LIUM. 



SpikeleU ninny-flowered, sessile, solitary, placed edgewise on 

 the rachis. Glume single, except in the terminal epikelet 

 Paten nearly equal; lower one owned or mncronat; upper 

 mostly 2-toothed. 



1. L. perenne. Darnel. 



Culm erect, smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, light-green ; splkelets 79- 

 flowered, alternate, In 9 opposite rows; lower palea usually awnleas, sometimes 

 ahort-awned. A not uncommon gross, 12 ft. high, In meadows and pastures. 

 TiHML Per. 



83. ELYMUS. 



SpikeleU 2 0-flowcrcd, attached, 24 together at each joint 

 of the rachis. Glumes 2, side by side, and not opposite, nearly 

 equal, subulate. Lower palea convex on the back, mostly awned 

 at apex Per. 



1. E. Virginicns. Wild Rye. 



Culm erect, stout, smooth ; leaves broad-linear, rough, deep green ; spike 

 erect, rigid, thick, on a short peduncle, which is usually sheathed ; splkelets 

 mostly In pairs, S 8-flowered, smooth; glumes rough, lanceolate, tipped 

 with a short awn, thickened at base, as long as th<5 flowers ; lower palea with 

 a short awn. A coarse, rough gnus, 2 i ft high, somewhat resembling Bye. 

 Very common In damp thickets anil along rivers. Aug. 



2. E. Canadensis. Nodding Rye-Grass. 



Culm erect, rather stout ; leaves broad-linear, dark-green or glaucous ; spike 

 louse, somewhat nodding above the middle, on an exserted peduncle ; splkelets 

 mostly In pairs, 2 B-flowered ; flowers hairy and rough ; glumes lance-subu- 

 late, short-awned ; lower palea tipped with a long awn. Common on rich, low 

 banks of riven. Culm 8 5 ft. high. July Aug. 



3. E. hystrix. Lyme Grass. 



Culm erect, smooth ; fplke erect, very loose ; rachis flexnons ; splkelets t 

 S- flowered, 1 together, In remote, diverging clusters, quickly deciduous; glume 

 none, or minute and awn-like ; lower palea tipped with a long awn, twice th i 

 length oT the flowers. A conspicuous grass, 2 4 ft. hLh, common In moist 

 and rocky woods, and at once distinguished by Its remote pairs of diverging, 

 kmg-awned splkelets, which are almost horizontal. July. 



24. HdEDEUM. 



SpikeleU 1 -flowered, with an awn-like, rudiment at base on the 

 inner side, 8 at each joint of the rachis ; lateral one* often abor- 

 tive. Glume* 2, side by side, and not opposite, subulate. Lower 

 palea long-awned at apex. Grain adherent to the palest 



1. H. vulgAre. Barley. 



Calm erect, smooth ; leaves broad-linear, nearly smooth ; spike erect, thick ; 

 apftajtti an fertile; glumes shorter than the flowers; lower palea very long- 

 awned ; fruit arranged la 4 rows. A grain frequently cultivated for malting. 

 Oolm -* ft. high. May. An. 



2. H. distichum. Two+owed Barley. 



(Mm erect ; leaves broad-llnear,rou|rh above ; spike linear, compressed, lateral 



splkelets abortive, destitute of awns; lower palea long-awned ; fruit in 2 rows. 

 Another species cultivated for the same purposes a* the last, distinguished by 

 Its S-rowed spikes of fruit Culm i 8 ft. high. June. An. 



25. AlliA. 



SpikeleU 2-flowercd, in an open panicle, both flowers perfect 

 Glumes 2, nearly equal, longer than the flowers. Pales? nearly 

 equal, hairy at base ; lower pale* nerved, awned on the back 

 below the middle. 



1. A. flexuosa. Hair Grass. 



Calm erect, slender, smooth, nearly naked ; leaves mostly radical and tufted 

 at base, setaceous, Involute; panicle open, loose, with spreading, capillary 

 branches, which are mostly in pairs ; glumes no longer than the flowers ; awn 

 geniculate, longer than the glumes. An elegant grass, growing In tufts, on dry 

 hill-sides, 18 ft. high. Very common. Jam, Ptr. 



it. DANTn&NIA. 



SpikeleU 3 8-flowered, in a spicate panicle. Glumes 2, longer 

 than the flowers. Lower palea nerved, 2-toothed at apex, with a 

 twisted awn arising from between the teeth ; upper palea obtuse, 

 entire. Per. 



1. D. spicdta. Oat Grass. 



Culms slender, erect, ascending, tuned ; leaves mostly radical, setaceous, 

 somewhat In volute; canllne leaves much shorter than the radical ones, erect, 

 with sheaths hairy at the throat; panicle slender, contracted, like a raceme, 

 somewhat secnnd, wltli simple branches, bearing a few, appressed, T-flowered 

 splkelets; lower palea hairy, with a twisted awn twice Its length. A common 

 grass, growing In tufts In dry fields and open woods. Culm 12 ft high. Jam 

 Jidy. 



2T. AVENA. 



SpikeleU 2 7-flowered in panicles; uppermost flower im- 

 perfect Glumes 2, large and somewhat unequal. Lower pnli-a 

 rounded on the back, nerved, 2-toothcd at apex, with a twisted 01 

 bent awn on the back. 



1. A. sativa. Oat. 



Culm erect, smooth ; leaves broad-linear, rough above; panicle loose, wltli 

 slender, drooping branchlets; SpikeleU 2 (-flowered, on slender, drooping pe- 

 duncles; lower flower awned, rarely both awnless ; upper palea closely Invest- 

 ing the grain. A very valuable grain, universally cultivated. Cnlm 48 ft. 

 high. It varies with sunless flowers, and blackish grains. Juiii. An. 



2S. 1I6LCU8. 



SpikeleU 2 8-flowcred, in a contracted panicle. Flowers 

 pedicellate, shorter than the glume ; lowest flower iii'iitr:. 1 

 wanting; middle flower perfect, awnless; upper staminatc, with 

 iU lower palea awned on the back. Per. 



1. H. lanatus. Velvet Grass. 



Culm and broad-linear leaves pale green, covered wltli soft, velvety down ; 

 panicle oblong, dense-flowered, whitish, tinged with purple ; stamlnate upper 

 flower with a recurved, short awn. A quite common grass, In wet meadows, 

 distinguished by the soft pubescence of Its culm and leaves; IV JO' high. 

 fut July. 



. ANTHOXANTHUM. 



SpikeleU 8-flowered, in a spicate panicle; lateral flowers neu- 

 tral, consisting of 1 hairy palea, awned on the back ; central 

 flower perfect, with 2 short, awnless palea, and 2 stamens. 

 Glumes 2, very unequal, the upper one larger and equaling the 

 flowers. Per. 



1. A. odordtum. Sweet-vernal Grass. 



Culm erect, slender ; leaves short, pale-green ; panicle spicate, oblong, with 

 short, nearly simple branches; splkclets pubescent, green, mostly tinged with 

 brown ; paleis of the lateral flowers elllato on the margin, one with a bent awn 

 near the base ; the other with s short, straight awn below the Up. A common, 

 early grass, very fragrant when drying; found In fields and meadows. Culm 

 8' IV high. Hay Sun*. 



80. FHALABIS. 



SpikeleU in dense panicles, with 1 perfect flower, and S 

 neutral, abortive rudiments at bate. Glumes 3. equal, lon- 



