

ORDER CXIJ. EQtn8BTACR SCOURING BUSH-TRIBE. ORDER CXI.II. HI.It'Ks- :II.Y. 



more bristles, resembling awns ; othcrwbc as in the Panic nm- 

 propcr. An. 



1. S. glatica. Bottle-Grass. 



Calm erect; leaves lanceolate, rough, hairy it base; spike dense, cyllndrlc, 

 of t doll-yellowish color when matare ; bristle* In clusters of 10, much 

 laager thin the splkeleta. A very common weed In waste places, distinguished 

 by Its bristly, cylindrical (pike. Culm 12 ft high. July Aug. An. 



W. ANDROP&GOS. 



Spik.-let in pairs at the joints of the rachis, , spicate or ra- 

 ceuieJ, one of them pedicellate, barren, often rudimentary; the 

 other w ith the lower flower neutral, and consisting of a single 

 palea ; the upper perfect. Palcse thin and more delicate in tex- 

 ture than the longer glumes; lower one awned at the tip. Sta- 

 mens 1 3. Per. 



1. A. fureatus. Broom-Grass. 



Culms erect, branching, nearly smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly 

 smooth ; radical ones rcry long ; spikes straight, 3 6, hairy, digitate or clus- 

 tered at the top of the culm, or else fewer and terminating the branches, usu. 

 ally purple ; splkelets approximate, hairy, appressed ; sterile splkelcts atami- 

 nate, awnleas ; stamens 8. A coarse, tall grass, 4 6 It. high, common In dry 

 soils, and distinguished by Its digitate spikes. Sep. 



2. A. scoparius. Beard-Grass. 



Cnlm erect, slender, very branching ; branches erect, paniculate : leaves nar- 

 row, hairy, as also the sheaths ; spikes slender, loosely-flewcrod, tcrminsting 

 the branches, 2 3 from each sheath, on peduncles of various lengths, usually 

 purplish ; rachis demons ; pairs of splkelets remote ; sterile splkelets neutral ; 

 lower glume awned; lower palea of the perfect flower with a twisted awn. A 

 more slender species than the last, common In sandy soils, distinguished by Its 

 more slender branching stem, and its slender spikes on separate peduncles. 

 Culm 2 4ft high. 



96. BtiBGIIUM. 



SpikelcU pedicellate, in clusters of 2 3, forming an open pa- 

 nicle ; lateral ones barren, often mere pedicels ; middle spikelct 

 fertile, (Mumes coriaceous; 2 lower flowers neutral, consisting 

 only of ttingle paletc ; upper flower with 2 palese, the highest of 

 which is awucd at the tip. 



1. S. mltans. Indian-Grass. 



Culm erect, terete, simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glaucous, rough ; pani- 

 cle oblong, somewhat crowded; perfect splkelets bright reddish-brown, at 

 length nodding, crowded toward the base with reddish hairs; awns twisted, 

 longer than the flower ; sterile splkelets small, very Imperfect, often mere hairy 

 pedicels. A coarse grass, 25 ft high. Common In sandy soils. Aug. Sep. 

 Per. 



2. S. sacchardtum. Broom-Corn. 



Calm tall, erect, solid ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent at base ; panicle very 

 Urge, diffuse; branches long, slender, whorlcil, at length drooping; perfect 

 pikelet* with hairy, persistent glumes. This well-known grass Is extensively 

 cultivated for its large, branching panicle, which Is used In the manufacture of 

 brooms. Culm 612 ft high. An. 



ST. ZfcA. 



Flowers monoecious. Barren flowers in terminal, clustered 

 racemes. Spikclcts 2-flowcred ; glumes 2, obtuse, nearly equal ; 

 pales obtuse, awnlcss. Fertile flowers lateral and axillary, densely 

 arranged on the surface of a soft, spongy, at length nearly woody, 

 round rachis, which is inclosed in an involucre of numerous bracts. 

 >l>ikrleta 2-flowered, 1 (lower abortive. Glumes 2, obtuse. Pa- 

 lea awnlese. Style 1; very long, filiform, upper part pendulous 

 from the closed apex of the involucre. Grains in S 12, usually 

 regular rows, compressed. An. 



\. Z. mays. Indian Corn. 



Culm erect, leafy, branching only at base ; leaves very long, channelled, re- 

 carved, enure, 2 4 ft long; barren spikes C 12, In terminal, nearly digitate 

 eluten; fertile spikes, 14, nearly sessile, V 15' long, and even longer. A 

 ml venally esteemed grain, cultivated In almost all sections of the Unltc4 States, 

 id every where In the American tropics. Culm 6-8 ft high at 11. 

 10 SB ft at the Sooth. The grain varies from while to yellow, red, and even 

 Mue and pwple. July. 



SERIES II. Cryptogftmia. 

 CLASS IIL ACBOQENS. 



OBDEB CXLI. Equisetaceoe. Scourtu// 

 Huslv-tribe. 

 i. EQUISETUM. 



Fructification spicate. Sporangia 6 7, attached to the un.ler 

 surface of each peltate scale, 1-cclled, opening on the inner aide. 

 Spores numerous, each furni>hed with -1 clastic filaments termed 

 claters, which are coiled spirally around it. 



1. E. limusum. Pipes. 



Stem tall, stout, smooth, many-furrowed, at first nearly simple, at 

 producing simple, erect branches from above the sheaths; spikes oblong-ovoid; 

 sheaths appressed, with short, acute, dark-brown teeth. A tall, leafless plant, 

 28 ft. high, common In wet meadows and the borders of ponds. Most of the 

 stems bear a single, dark, terminal spike, but others are barren. All are annual 

 and greedily eaten by cattle. July. 



2. E. hy^male. Scouring Rusli. 



Stems evergreen, erect, mostly entirely bimplo, many-furrowed, with the 

 ridges rough ; sheaths whitish, black at top and base, with subulate, quickly .!>- 

 ciduons teeth ; spike terminal. A stout, upright species, sufficiently .IMIn- 

 gnlshed by its very rough stem, which Is often used in scouring metals, and by 

 its sheaths. Stem 2 3 ft high. Common In wet grounds. June. 



3. E. arvunse. Field Horse-tail. 



Stems fertile and sterile ; fertile stems brownish, bearing the spike, erect, 

 Mm|iU-. with large, Inflated sheaths, which have long, dark-brown teeth, appear- 

 ing early in the spring and soon decaying, followed by the sterile stems, which 

 are erect or decumbent at base, with numerous, long, simple, whorled, quadran- 

 gular, rough, green branches. A very common species In wet grounds. The 

 fertile and sterile stems are remarkably different In appearance, the one being 

 simple and brownish, and the other very branching and green. April. 



4. E. sylvaticum. Wood Horse-tail. 



Stems fertile and sterile ; fertile stems erect, bearing the single, pedunculate 

 spike, with a few whorls of greenish, compound, reflexcd branches, which are 

 racemose with the numerous branchlets; sterile stems as In the fertile, except 

 that they are later, and have numerous green branches. Distinguished from 

 the last by Its branching fertile stems, and its whorls of dcflcxed branches with 

 numerous branchlets. Stem 6' 12' high. Common in wet grounds. Jfay 



OBDEB CXLII. Filices. Fern-family. 



8TOOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 

 SITIIOIJDKK I. PolypodinefB. 



Fronds elrclnate In the bud. Sporangia In dots, or In lines or clusters on the 

 back of the frond or Its segments, pedicellate, the pedicel expanded above Into 

 a ring, surrounding the sporangia, which open transversely on the Inner side. 

 Sori mostly Inclosed while young In a membraneous covering called an I.NDI:- 



* linl iisintii HOIK . 



1 I'm. Tronic*. Sori separate, never confluent, scattered on the bnck of 

 the frond. 



2. BTaBTmorTfBis. Sori on a separate, fertile frond, which h mni-h smaller 

 than the sterile, crowded, and at length confluent and covering the whole under 



' Imf ii-iiim IMC -.. MI. 



t Sori ttrictly conjlntd to Oa margin. 



8. PTJUUS. Sort very narrowly linear, confluent, In a continuous marginal 

 line. 



4. AmaKTOH. Sori roundish. Industum renlfnrm. Frond somewhat pe- 



Oatel] I'.rr.il. 



6. DicEsoMii. Sori roundish, with a double Induslnm, one opening out- 

 ward and one opening Inward. 



. UtYiirmm. Sort roundish, with a single, somewhat flattened, roundish- 

 renlfonn InduMuni. 



1 1 Sori not confined to Oie margin.. 



i. Sori linear or oblong, attached lengthwi 

 opening 



