ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



27 



of the operation of free torsion, which requires a 

 great deal of strength, and which, besides, may be 

 accompanied by a serious inflammatory condition of 

 the parts, through rough manipulations of the cord. 

 It is for this reason that this mode of procedure 

 must have been reserved for small animals, as, if 

 performed upon the larger kinds, it can only be by 

 men whose muscular force is sufficient to enable 

 them to overcome and bring into subjection the 

 struggling subjects of their operations. 



It was in 1883 that two French veterinarians, 

 Eenault and Delafond, of the Alfort school, intro- 

 duced the use of instruments in the operation, as an 

 improvement upon the manual methods and their 

 effects on the sequelae, though it is said to have been 

 FIG. 4. 



MOVING FORCEPS FOR CASTRATION BY TORSION. 



Renault and Delafond pattern. Reynal pattern. 



