42 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



tlie formation of a scab, which may require for its 

 removal a process of sloughing, which may in some 

 cases give rise to serious complications. As I have 

 stated, the clamps are not always made of wood, and 

 very many alterations and improvements, so called, 



FIG. 11. 

 VARIOUS SHAPES OF CLAMPS. 



Screwed Clamp. Spring Clamp of Brandt. Hinge Clamp, 



have been from time to time brought forward. In Fig. 

 11 a few of these clamps are presented. The oldest 

 form is the simplest, and possesses the further ad- 



