48 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



same manipulations and observing the same order, 

 but the second involving some variations. In this 

 the same careful dissection is dispensed with, and 

 one free incision suffices, including all the various 

 envelopes, in order to expose the testicle freely and 

 at once. The incision is made with one free stroke 

 of the bistoury extending from the posterior to the 

 anterior extremity of the testicle, and dividing at 

 once scrotum, dartos, an,d the fibrous and serous 

 coats. Though this is to be done without hesitation, 

 it is by no means necessary to adopt the practice of 

 some operators, who not only divide the envelopes, 

 but even make a large incision in the testicular 

 structure itself, inflicting thus an unnecessary amount 

 of pain from which the animal might, with a little 

 care, have been spared. 



When the surgeon reaches the third step of the 

 operation, and seizes the testicle with the right hand, 

 in order to draw it downward and outside of the 

 vaginal sac, he may encounter great resistance to his 

 traction, from the powerful opposition of the white 

 muscular tissue running along the posterior $eptum 

 of the cord. He must then slowly and steadily draw 

 the testicle down, and at a given moment, with a 

 single stroke with a sharp pointed bistoury, divide 

 the serous band of the posterior septum, cutting at 

 once the muscular fibres, the efferent canal and the 

 small testicular artery. This being effected, the re- 

 sistance will terminate, and the testicle may be 

 drawn down without further difficulty. The division 

 of the septum is not always resorted to. Still, the 



