ANIMAL CASTRATION. 75 



of the United States in the practice of this interest- 

 ing branch of veterinary surgery, but has likewise 

 achieved much renown and appreciative criticism 

 from foreign sources, having travelled extensively 

 in various European countries, and earned much 

 honor from those who have watched his methods, 

 and received ocular proof of his dexterity and suc- 

 cess within the sphere of his special field of usefulness. 



The method of procedure, which has in his hands 

 proved so exceptionally successful, though no 

 doubt essentially original with him, is still, we be- 

 lieve, based upon the same principles which govern 

 the operation as we find it described and illustrated 

 in the works of the classical writers who have given 

 their attention to the subject. 



We now turn to the consideration of the modus 

 operandi, as observed in the two forme of cryptor- 

 chidy, the inguinal and the abdominal. 



INGUINAL CRYPTORCHIDY. 



The preliminary steps in this case are the same 

 as those which are necessary in the castration of 

 animals under normal conditions. The instruments 

 required are a convex bistoury, one or two clamps, 

 or a ligature, and an actual cautery, or the ecraseur 

 most commonly in use. To these is sometimes 

 added a pair of long forceps of peculiar construction, 

 with jaws terminating in two spoon-shaped extremi- 

 ties, designed to grasp the testicle when placed high in 

 the inguinal canal, or if only partly engaged in the ring. 

 Prof. Degives divides the operation into five steps. 



