78 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



torn. Then tearing it sufficiently to permit the pas- 

 sage of the entire hand, or as large a portion of it as 

 is necessary, he has reached the 



Fourth step, or the seizure and removal of the testicle. 

 The hand, or three fingers, are then passed into 

 the abdominal cavity, in order to feel for the organ 

 or its appendages, until the location is determined, 

 whether of testicle, epididymis, vas deferens, or 

 blood vessels. These are usually found floating 

 not far from the torn opening of the peritoneum. 

 But if not so readily discovered, the hand 

 must be carried above the neck of the bladder, 

 towards the end of the deferent canal, which must be 

 followed until the epididymis or testicle is found. 

 It is then carefully brought outwards by a slow and 

 steady traction upon the testicle itself, or upon a 

 portion of the epididymis, or even upon the extremity 

 of some of the testicular blood vessels. 



Fifth step. The removal of the organ is always 

 much more safely effected with the ecraseur than by 

 other means. The operation is completed by the 

 application of a suture upon the external wound, in 

 order to guard effectually against the possibility of 

 ventral hernia occurring subsequently. 



Abdominal cryptorchids are sometimes treated by 

 removal through the flank an operation intrinsically 

 more dangerous, as well as less promising of success 

 than that in the inguinal region. 



EFFECTS FOLLOWING THE OPERATION OF CASTRATION. 



These will vary more or less in extent and severity, 



