86 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



subject of bleeding in general as connected with 

 other causes. 



HEMOERHAGE 



May be primary or secondary. In the first in- 

 stance it occurs in consequence of the insufficiency 

 of the means of hemostasis applied to the end 

 of the cord, as in the case of the operation by 

 simple excision, by cauterization, the too rapid crush- 

 ing of the cord, torsion, or the accident before re- 

 ferred to when the clamps have been torn off and 

 the cord lacerated about the point of their applica- 

 tion. 



Secondary hemorrhage manifests itself after a 

 longer interval following the operation. It may 

 occur, for example, after the removal of the clamps, 

 or when, during their removal, the mortified end of 

 the cord is too much interfered with by the sharp 

 end of the instrument used in cutting the string 

 which confines them together, or from too forcibly 

 pulling upon the cord itself ; and in some instances 

 without any assignable cause other than a diseased 

 condition of the coats of the artery. This secondary 

 hemorrhage is usually, by reason of the inflamma- 

 tory condition of the blood vessels, of more threaten- 

 ing aspect and more difficult to control than the 

 primary variety. The treatment indicated varies. 

 "When caused by the tearing of the clamps, or at the 

 time of their removal, it may be checked by the re- 

 application of the instrument. But if the cord 

 is retracted within the inguinal canal and .cannot be 



