ANIMAL CASTRATION. 105 



small animals only. That upon the cord alone is li- 

 able to be followed by hemorrhage, or by the exces- 

 sive retraction of the cord into the abdominal cavity, 

 drawing the ligature with it. That of the efferent 

 canal, and of the cord by the subcutaneous mode are 

 not admitted in general practice, while that of the 

 artery alone has not been extensively performed ou 

 large animals, so far as we are informed, except by 

 certain Massachusetts veterinarians. 



The castration by double subcutaneous twisting, when 

 extensively applied to solipeds, will probably prove 

 to be the safest mode of all, and least likely to be 

 followed by complications. We are not informed as. 

 to the extent to which it has been practised in this 

 country, even amongst ruminants. 



