110 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



gion, and descending towards the uterus, to fix 

 themselves upon the sides of the superior face of the 

 body of this organ, and, as before stated, upon the 

 curvature of the horns. Their anterior border is 

 free, and gives support to the oviducts and the 

 ovaries. Between the serous layers are found the 

 utero-ovarian artery and veins, largely developed. 

 The ovaries are situated on the internal face of the 

 broad ligament, forming a small ovoid mass, which 

 receives a special serous lamella, a sort of ligament, 

 having between its layers a few grayish muscular 

 fibres, which may be strong enough to offer serious 

 resistance when the extirpation of the organ is at- 

 tempted. 



MODUS OPERANDI. 



There are two modes of operation. The original 

 method was that of removal through the flanks, 

 which, however, has fallen into disuse since the in- 

 troduction of the process of Charlier, of removal 

 through the vagina. This process is altogether to 

 be preferred, as being safer, more consistent with 

 scientific surgery, and in a word is the only one 

 which it is proper to perform, so long as the capacity 

 of the vagina permits the necessary manipulations 

 to be performed. 



METHOD BY THE FLANKS. 



Pour steps are necessary to be followed in this 



