ANIMAL CASTRATION. 125 



side, and at a short distance from the incision, be- 

 tween the base of the uterine horns, near and inside 

 of the free border of the ligaments, and a little above 

 the anterior border of the pubis. Then, grasping 

 the ovarian body, he draws it carefully into the 

 vagina, through the incision, and introduces the long 

 scissors, with the guarded blade of which he divides 

 the thick border of the broad ligament (Fig. 39), re- 

 placing the ovaries into the abdomen without releas- 

 ing his hold. The torsion forceps is then passed 

 into the vagina and through the incision, and is 

 made to take hold with its open jaws of the broad 

 ligament (Fig. 40), above the ovary, and is firmly 

 closed by the movement of the spiral crank of the 

 handle (D). Both hands being now outside of the 

 vaginal cavity, and the forceps being secured on the 

 broad ligament, held by the right hand, the left 

 thumb is protected by the thimble (E),and the hand 

 once more inserted, to grasp the broad ligament 

 above the point where the jaws of the torsion forceps 

 are placed. In this position the torsion is made 

 with the forceps, the twisting of the ligament being 

 limited by the firm pressure made by the thimble 

 on the thumb with the index finger, or by a pair of 

 crushing pincers. After several turns of the instru- 

 ment, the ovary is separated from its attachment, 

 and may be brought out of the cavity, still held se- 

 curely between the oval jaws of the torsion forceps. 

 The same method is applicable to the ovaries of 

 both sides. These rules are subject to more or less 

 modification by indications which may occasionally 



