ANIMAL CASTRATION. 131 



are those of a local character, which are detected by 

 rectal examination, by which discovery is made of 

 the presence of a tumor on one side or the other of 

 the vagina, varying in size, fluctuating, and easily 

 identified. This abscess may be opened in the 

 cavity of the vagina, and should be attended to as 

 soon as discovery is made of the fluctuating charac- 

 ter of the growth, without waiting for the process of 

 natural resolution. 



SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA. 



Emphysema of the subcutaneous connective tissue 

 is said to be a common sequel to the flank operation. 

 Its appearance need not excite any special uneasi- 

 ness, as its termination is usually by spontaneous 

 disappearance. It is an accident we have never en- 

 countered in our practice. . 



CONSTIPATION. 



This complication, which is often met with in 

 mares, is to be carefully looked for, and must be 

 relieved by laxative food and rectal injections. It 

 is due to the pain which accompanies defecation 

 while the wound of the vagina is healing, and which 

 the animal tries to avoid by keeping the rectum 

 full. 



CASTRATION OF THE SMALL ANIMALS. 

 SMALL RUMINANTS. 



For these ^subjects, two modes of operation are 

 to be principally recommended. The first is the 

 double subcutaneous torsion; the other the liga- 



