132 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



ture en masse of the cord and its envelopes. Hav- 

 ing already considered these operations, a passing 

 reference will suffice here. 



FOR SWINE. 



In males, the varying modes employed are the lig- 

 ature, limited torsion, and the clamps. 



In females, it must be remembered that the horns 

 of the uterus are very long and flexuous (Fig. 41), 

 and that the very small ovaries are situated on the 

 inside of the broad ligaments, which are very large, 

 and allow the horns to float freely amongst the cir- 

 cumvolutions of the intestines. The animal must 

 be prepared by being secured upon the right side 

 in order to expose the left flank. The incision is 

 made with a knife of peculiar form (Fig. 42), the 



FIG. 42. 



BISTOURY FOR THE CASTRATION OF SOW. 



(Division of the flank). 



coarse bristles having been previously closely clip- 

 ped off. Care should he taken to carry the left leg 

 in extension backwards, in such a manner that the 

 edges of the various tissues divided shall not meet 

 each other when the operation is completed. The 

 incision may be made either vertically, horizontally, 

 or obliquely. When vertical it should be iinmedi- 



