ARMY, UNITED STATES. 



33 



ARMY OK TIII: r\m:i> STATES. Tho 



\\-ork nt' reducing tin- military fi.ivr of tho 

 lulled State- ha -on,- -!<-ndily forward during 



:utyear. OM tin- IM of July, I860, the 

 numher of oilie.-rs in tho service was 2,746, 



ed tiy tho appointment during the year 

 i>f (i post chaplains, and 58 graduates of West 

 Point, making in all 2,810. On the 16th of 



nher, 1870, the whole number was 2,481, 

 :i red u i -tion of 329. An act of Congress was 

 approved on the 15th of July, making addi- 

 tional provision for the reduction of the array. 

 Tin- extent of the list of retired officers was 



!>y increased, and authority was given to 

 tho President to discharge at his discretion, 

 with one year's pay, such officers as might 

 apply therefor, and to transfer officers of the 

 line to the list of supernumeraries. The Sec- 

 retary of War was directed to appoint a board 

 for the examination of the cases of officers re- 

 ported by the department commanders as unfit 

 for duty; and it was also enacted that all 

 supernumerary officers remaining after "tho 1st 

 of January, 1871, should bo honorably mustered 

 out of the service, with one year's pay and 

 allowances. The time was afterward extended 

 to July 1, 1871. Some of the examinations 

 provided for by this act have taken place, and 

 preparations have boon made for carrying all 

 its provisions into effect. The whole number 

 of officers is ultimately to bo reduced to 2,277, 

 and the number of enlisted men to 30,000. On 

 the 30th of November, there were still 211 

 supernumerary officers. The strength of the 

 army at the same date was as follows: 1st 

 cavalry, 1,023 ; 2d cavalry, 921 ; 3d cavalry, 

 986 ; 4th cavalry, 854; 5th cavalry, 1,123 ; 6th 

 cavalry, 733 ; 7th cavalry, 1,094 ; 8th cavalry, 

 1,171; 9th cavalry, 962; 10th cavalry, 1,025; 

 1st artillery, 780 ; 2d, 944; 3d, 813 ; 4th, 801 ; 

 5th, 867; 1st infantry, 604; 2d, 718 ; 3d, 746; 

 4th, 600; 5th, 812; 6th, 664; 7th, 739; 8th, 

 558; 9th, 567; 10th, 828; llth, 681; 12th, 

 831; 13th, 504; 14th, 657; 15th, 845; 16th, 

 17th, 898; 18th, 472; 19th, 548 ; 20th, 

 810; 21st, 483; 22d, 778; 23d, 665; 24th, 

 431 ; 25th, 482 ; engineer battalion, 560 ; per- 

 manent and recruiting parties and recruits not 

 available for assignment, 1,010; general ser- 

 vice on duty in Bureaus of Department, 376 ; 

 Ordnance Department, 706 ; West Point de- 

 tachment, 261 ; signal corps, 82 ; hospital stew- 

 ards, 333 ; ordnance sergeants, 121 ; available 

 recruits at depots, 743; recruits sent from 

 Fort Leavenworth to battalions of artillery, 

 September 30 and October 7, 1870, 95. Total 

 officers and enlisted men in tho army, 34,870. 



Recruiting for every arm of the service has 

 been carried on throughout the year. Many 

 of the rendezvous were closed in February, 

 1870, owing to the nearly exhausted state of 

 the recruiting fund. Congress, however, hav- 

 ing made a special appropriation of $50,000 

 to defray expenses nntil the end of the fiscal 

 year, recruiting was resumed under instruc- 

 tions issued on April 30th. By the 1st of July, 

 VOL. x. 3 A. 



1871, tho army is to be brought down to the 

 le^'al standard of 30,000 enliM-d men, as pro 

 scribed in the act of July 15, 1870, and in the 

 moan time recruiting is to bo continued only 

 on a scale ivndi-red necessary by casual:; 



By an order issued in April, important 

 changes were made in tho military depart- 

 ments, and several of the commanders were 

 transferred from one department or division to 

 another. The Department of Alaska was 

 broken up and added to the Department of 

 Columbia, which includes the State of Oregon 

 and tho Territories of Washington and Idaho, 

 with its headquarters at Portland, Oregon. 

 Tho Department of Virginia was broken up 

 and added to the Department of the East, 

 which includes tho New-England States, Now 

 York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 

 Maryland, and District of Columbia, with its 

 headquarters at New- York City. It is com- 

 manded by Major-General McDowell. The 

 Department of the Cumberland was broken 

 up. This department consisted of tho States 

 of Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, and 

 the post of Jeffersonville, Ind. They are now 

 all added to the Department of the South, 

 which also includes the States of North and 

 South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 

 with its headquarters at Atlanta, Ga. The 

 Department is under command of Brigadier- 

 General Terry. Major-General Schofield, who 

 was previously in command of the Department 

 of the Missouri, was transferred to the com- 

 mand of the Division of the Pacific, vice 

 Major-General Thomas, deceased, with his 

 headquarters at San Francisco. Brigadier- 

 General John Pope, previously in command 

 of the Department of the Lakes, was trans- 

 ferred to the command of the Department of 

 the Missouri. Brigadier-General Philip St. 

 George Cooko, previously in command of the 

 Department of the Columbia, was ordered to 

 the command of the Department of the Lakes. 

 Brigadier-General Canby, previously in com- 

 mand of the Department of Virginia, was 

 transferred to the command of the Department 

 of Columbia, in place of General Cooke. 

 Major-General Meade remained in Philadel- 

 phia, General Halleck at Louisville, and Lieu- 

 tenant-General Sheridan in command of the 

 Division of the Missouri. 



Tho act of Congress of July 15th prescribed 

 a new system of regulations for the army, but 

 its preparation was not completed by the War 

 Department at the close of the year. It will 

 probably be submitted to Congress at the 

 present session (1871), and, if approved, go 

 into operation at once. 



During the year 58 cadets of the Military 

 Academy have graduated and been appointed 

 second lieutenants in the army ; 17 have been 

 discharged for marked deficiency in conduct 

 or studies ; 6 have resigned ; 1 has deserted, 

 and 4 have died. New cadets to the number 

 of 65 have been admitted, and tho corps at 

 present numbers 228 members, divided, for 



