70 BONALD, LOUIS J. M. DE. 



garejo issued a decree by which all political 

 offenders, in exile or in hiding, were pardoned 

 and restored to their forfeited rights as Bo- 

 livian citizens. This decree only excludes 

 from the general amnesty Morales and Corral, 

 the two officers who were the instigators of the 

 last insurrection, without any ostensible cause, 

 and who, after having caused much bloodshed, 

 were put to flight by the Government troops. 



A thorough system of highways throughout 

 the republic is being constructed. An excel- 

 lent mint is in operation near Potosi, the ma- 

 chinery having been imported from the United 

 States, and, in place of the base coin now in 

 circulation, an improved currency will soon be 

 placed in the hands of the people. A bank 

 established at La Paz progresses satisfactorily, 

 and the Government, satisfied with the stability 

 of the institution, and powerfully influenced 

 by several loans obtained from it, has declared 

 its notes to beiegal tenders. 



In July, Agustin Morales, the inveterate 

 enemy of Melgarejo, again raised the standard 

 of revolt, but it was soon suppressed. In the 

 latter months of the year a great excitement 

 was caused in the republic by the discovery of 

 rich silver-mines in the Sierra del Limon 

 Verde, fifteen miles from the small settlement 

 of Galama, and seventy-five miles from the 

 shore in the maritime prefecture of Cobija. 

 In a short time 150 mining licenses were taken 

 out at the prefecture, and there was a great 

 rush from Cobija. The extent of the deposits 

 is stated as being greater than any yet known 

 in South America, and in richness the ore is 

 compared to that of Potosi or Chaflarcillo, in 

 Chili. A commission of Chilian engineers, dis- 

 patched to the spot for the purpose of making 

 an investigation, report that the rumors con- 

 cerning the mines are not at all exaggerated, 

 and advise the formation of companies for work- 

 ing them to good advantage. Sefior Diaz Gana, 

 the discoverer, obtained the most favorable con- 

 cessions from the Government of Bolivia. 



BONALD, Louis JACQUES MAUEIOE DE, a 

 French Eoman Catholic prelate, Cardinal and 

 Archbishop of Lyons, and Senator of France, 

 born at Milhau, Aveyron, October 30, 1787 ; 

 died at Lyons, February 26, 1870. He was ed- 

 ucated at Lyons and the Seminary of St. Sul- 

 pice, and entered into orders in 1811. He was 

 for a time clerk of the Imperial Chapel, but on 

 the Eestoration became secretary to Monsei- 

 gneur de Pressigny, Archbishop of Besancon, 

 who was sent on a mission to the Pope to 

 arrange the settlement of the Concordat. 

 Failing in this, De Bonald returned to Paris, 

 where his eloquence and the rank of his family 

 soon made him popular as a preacher. In 1817 

 he was appointed grand-vicar and archdeacon 

 to the See of Chartres; in 1819 Charles X. 

 made him his almoner, and in 1823 he became 

 Bishop of Puy when but thirty years of age. 

 His administration was too severe and re- 

 strictive to be endured by the people of this 

 newly-restored diocese, and he was obliged to 



BONAPAETE, JEEOME K 



withdraw, being, as M. de Frayssinous said, too 

 young to be tolerant. Protesting most vigor- 

 ously against the laxity of the government of 

 Charles X. in religious matters, he was not in 

 favor with the party in power, and once or twice 

 was on the point of being prosecuted. The 

 Pope, however, regarded him with great affec- 

 tion. In 1839, on the death of Cardinal Fesch, 

 he was made Archbishop of 'Lyons, rejecting 

 the same year the archbishopric of Paris and 

 that of Auch, both of which were offered him. 

 He was created cardinal in 1841, and was for 

 many years engaged in an almost constant po- 

 lemical warfare with the University of France, 

 M. Dupin, Villemain, and other friends of sec- 

 ondary education. After the Revolution of 

 February, 1848, he instructed his clergy to give 

 an example of obedience and submission to the 

 republic, and, yielding gracefully to the wishes 

 of the new administration, he ordered a grand 

 requiem to be solemnized for the "citizens 

 who had so gloriously fallen in Paris in defence 

 of the principles of civil and religions liberty." 

 After the events of December, 1851, he be- 

 came a member of the Senate, by virtue of his 

 title of cardinal. His years and ability gave 

 him great eminence in the Catholic Church, 

 but he did not assume a prominent place in the 

 movements of late years. 



BONAPAETE, JEEOME NAPOLEON (PATTER- 

 SON), the eldest son of Jerome Bonaparte, by 

 his marriage with Miss Elizabeth Patterson, of 

 Baltimore, born at Camberwell, England, July 

 7, 1805 ; died in Baltimore, Md., June 17, 1870. 

 The circumstances of Jerome Bonaparte's visit 

 to this country in 1803, his acquaintance with 

 the Patterson family, his betrothal to and 

 marriage of Miss Patterson (the marriage ser- 

 vice being performed by Bishop, afterward 

 Archbishop Carroll), of their travels in this 

 country, their voyage to Lisbon in one of Mr. 

 Patterson's ships, the refusal of Napoleon to 

 permit the young bride to enter France, his 

 annulling of the marriage and marrying his 

 brother to the Princess Fredrica Catherine of 

 Wurtemberg, are all well known. Forbidden 

 to enter France, Madame Bonaparte went to 

 Holland and thence to Camberwell, England, 

 where her son was born. She remained in Eu- 

 rope for several years, and with a most indomi- 

 table energy, but without success, sought to es- 

 tablish the rights of her son. She met Jerome 

 Bonaparte but once during these years, at the 

 Pitti Palace in Florence, but he escaped from 

 her pesence as quickly as possible, and immedi- 

 ately left the city. The son received an excel- 

 lent education, partly in Europe and partly in 

 the United States. He graduated with honor 

 from Harvard College in 1826, and studied law, 

 but never practised. He married a lady of 

 large fortune in Eoxbury, Mass., and the great 

 property inherited from his grandfather made 

 him the wealthiest citizen of Baltimore. He 

 spent some time in France, during the reign 

 of Louis Philippe, and, on the r establishment 

 of the empire in 1852, his mother again put 



