BROGLIE, DUG DE. 



BURLINGAME, AN80N. 



75 



this Juliate, ho married the only daughter of 



M.i.lann- do Stael, as earnest a Protestant as he 



. ( 'atholic ; but their union, which was one 



icore affection, was singularly harmonious 



1 1 'l'. v - She died in 1838. 

 Having placed himself, by his first act in the 

 Hmi-io of Peers, in the ranks of the opposition, 

 Mike de Broglio maintained his indepen- 

 dence of the Government through all the years 

 that followed; opposing laws restricting tho 

 press, or influencing and controlling elections ; 

 the law of censorship, of preventive detention, 

 <>t' imprisonment for debt or civil actions ; ad- 

 vocating the suppression of tho slave-trade, the 

 payment of an indemnity to tho United States, 

 the modification of the revenue laws, etc. He 

 came to be recognized as the friend and advo- 

 cate of all liberal and statesmanlike principles, 

 occupying very much the same position in 

 France as about the same time Henry Brough- 

 am did in England. The Revolution of July, 

 1830, and the establishment of a strictly con- 

 stitutional monarchy under Louis Philippe 

 would seem to have been the consummation 

 of his hopes and desires, but it is a remarkable 

 fact in his history, as in that of Lord Brougham, 

 that, immediately on the attainment of the ob- 

 jects for which he had so long and bravely 

 contended, he began to become conservative. 

 "Without abandoning professedly any of the 

 principles of a liberal government, he con- 

 stantly sought to adjourn indefinitely their 

 application. Such a man was invaluable to 

 Louis Philippe, who was constantly harassed 

 by the fear that his government would be too 

 liberal, and hence he was soon offered a place 

 in the Cabinet. Between 1830 and 1836, he 

 was four times a member of the Cabinet, as 

 Minister of Public Instruction, Minister of For- 

 eign Affairs, and finally with the presidency of 

 the Council added to this important portfolio. 

 During these years he promoted and carried 

 some excellent measures ; notably among these 

 were the suppression of the slave-trade, and, a 

 little later, the preliminary steps for the aboli- 

 tion of slavery. Ho resigned in 1834 because 

 the bill for American indemnity failed to be- 

 come a law, and only returned to the Cabinet 

 when its passage was pledged. But he had so 

 far departed from his old liberal principles as 

 to present, advocate, and carry through the 

 Legislative Assembly, a law for restricting the 

 liberty of the press. He retired finally from 

 the Cabinet in February, 1836, and no persua- 

 sion could induce him to accept office again. 

 In the Chamber of Peers he maintained an in- 

 dependent position, sometimes sustaining, but 

 oftener opposing the ministry. The Revolution 

 of 1848 occasioned him much sorrow, for ho 

 saw in it the destruction of a monarchy he had 

 helped to found. After the election of Louis 

 Napoleon, he entered the Legislative Assembly 

 to promote monarchical views, but the coup 

 cFetat disappointed his calculations. In 1856 

 he was admitted into the French Academy, 

 and signalized his admission by an avowal of 



his hearty sympathy with the government of 

 Louis Philippe and the men who had been tho 

 principal actors in it. He next appeared be- 

 fore the public in 1861, when ho entered a 

 prosecution against the Prefect of Police for 

 the illegal seizure of a work on which he had 

 been occupied, entitled " My Views of the 

 Government of France." Finally, the work 

 was given np by the prefect, and the duke de- 

 sisted from his suit. In 1863 he published a 

 collection of his orations and state papers, un- 

 der the title of " Writings and Speeches of the 

 Duke de Broglie," 3 vols., 8vo. He had early 

 in his public career (in 1828) founded, and edit- 

 ed for a time, the Revue Franfais. In 1886, tho 

 duke had been promoted to be a Grand Cross 

 of the Legion of Honor, and daring his long 

 public life ho received many of the decorations 

 of foreign orders. In private life the duke 

 was a fine specimen of the accomplished 

 French nobleman, genial, courteous, and re- 

 fined in his manners, and always mindful of 

 tho rights and feelings of others. 



BRUNSWICK, a duchy belonging to tho 

 North-German Confederation. Duke Wilhelm 

 I., born April 25, 1806 ; succeeded his brother, 

 Duke Karl, in 1830. (See GERMANY.) 



BURLINGAME, ANSOST, LL. D., an Ameri- 

 can statesman and diplomatist, minister pleni- 

 potentiary from the United States to China 

 from 1861 to 1867, and ambassador from the 

 Emperor of China to the Western powers from 

 1867 to 1870, born in New Berlin, Chenango 

 county, New York, November 14, 1822 ; died 

 in St. Petersburg, Russia, February 23, 1870. 

 His parents early removed to Ohio, and thence 

 to Michigan, where he was educated, first at 

 the public schools of Detroit, and then at 

 the branch University of Michigan at the 

 same place. While a student he gave prom- 

 ise of ability which was afterward strikingly 

 developed. In 1843 he came to Massachusetts 

 and entered the Cambridge Law School. While 

 at the law school he was first drawn into poli- 

 tics, and became an ardent Whig. About this 

 time he married a daughter of Hon. Isaac Liv- 

 ermore, of Cambridge, and decided to become 

 a citizen of Massachusetts. He opened a law- 

 office in Boston, in association with George P. 

 Briggs, Esq., son of Governor Briggs. He was 

 president of the Young Men's Whig Republi- 

 can Association in 1848. He visited Europe 

 in 1849 and 1850. In 1852 he was elected to 

 tho Massachusetts Senate from Middlesex, and 

 one of his principal acts in that body was his 

 opposition to the party that elected him, on 

 the Maine liquor law. He was elected in 1853 

 to the Constitutional Convention for the town 

 of Northborough, and the records bear honor- 

 able testimony to his zeal in support of promi- 

 nent measures. He was a member of tho 

 Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth 

 Congresses, and won a good reputation for 

 ability, both in general business and as a mem- 

 ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He 

 won his elections to the House by means of 



