CniCHESTER, BISHOP OF. 



CHILI. 



liecn put down as of very inf. 

 rior quality. HcMik'.s, even supposing the spc- 

 ; o ii roliaMo test of quality, it 

 IH no indication as to whether the milk 

 u rally poor, or has been rendered so by 

 ddition of \\.-itor, and the test, in my 

 opinion, is tlioivtoiv worthless." Prof. Chan- 

 dler !.- laid down the proposition that, if a 

 milk loses more than 88 per cent, of water, 

 :ij? less than 12 per cent, of solids when 

 rated, ami the residue carefully dried at 

 Falir., it is adulterated. But Dr. Davios 

 " The presence of 88 per cent, of water 

 indication of inferior quality, but is cer- 

 tainly no indication whatever that water has 

 i>eeii purposely added. In milk of known 

 purity, examined by Dr. Voelcker, as much as 

 90.70 per cent, of water was found; and this 

 alone shows the untrustworthiness of Prof. 

 (.'handler's test at least, as far as it refers to 

 ridded water." The English chemist suggests 

 that a better test is afforded in the specific 

 gravity of the serum or liquid portion of the 

 milk, from which the caseino and fat have been 

 iv:uoved by coagulating and straining. The 

 gravity of this liquid he had found to be re- 

 markably constant, ranging, in that obtained 

 from genuine milk, from 1.026 to 1.028; and, 

 by carefully ascertaining the specific gravity of 

 the serum of genuine milk diluted with various 

 quantities of water, we may obtain a standard 

 of comparison which will enable us to say, 

 within a few per cents., what quantity of water 

 has been added to any sample of milk under 

 investigation. 



CHICHESTER, Right Rev. ASHHUEST TUR- 

 NER GILBERT, D.D., Bishop of, an English prelate 

 and promoter of education, born' in Manches- 

 ter, Eng., in 1786 ; died in Chichester Episco- 

 pal Palace, February 21, 1870. He was edu- 

 cated at the Manchester Free Grammar-School 

 and at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he 

 took a first class in classics in 1809. He was 

 soon after elected a Fellow of his college, and, 

 after some years of service as tutor, became 

 Principal of Brasenose in 1822, and held that 

 position till 1842. In 1836 the Duke of Wel- 

 lington being Chancellor of the University of 

 Oxford, Dr. Gilbert was for four years V ice- 

 Chancellor or Acting-President of the Uni- 

 versity. In 1842, on the death of Dr. Shuttle- 

 worth, he was consecrated to the See of Chi- 

 chestor. His duties were arduous here and 

 they were faithfully performed, and through- 

 out his diocese the bishop exerted himself to 

 promote education and sound morals. lie was 

 nearly 84 years of age at his death. 



CHILI,* a republic of South America. Pres- 

 ident, for the term from 18C6 to 1871, Jose" 

 Joaquin Perez. The revenue amounted in 

 1869 to $10,494,974; expenditures, $13,966,- 

 249. The revenue for 1870 is estimated at 

 $12,112,174; expenditures at $11,586,349. 



* See the names of the ministers, movements of ship- 

 ping, imports, and exports, in the ANNUAL AMERICAS Cr- 

 CLOP.EDIA for I860. 



The revenue of the republic during the first 

 four months of 1870 amounted to $4,111,860; 

 expenditures of the first quarter, till Mardi :;i. 

 1870, $2,481,564. The Anglo-Chilian 5. per 

 cent, loan of 1,012,700 was taken up by F. 8. 

 Morgan & Co., of London, for 800,033. The 

 home debt, on July 12, 1869, amount 

 $9,316,945, and the foreign debt to $23,862,- 

 500, making a total public debt of $83,179,445. 

 The army was composed, in 1870, of 5,018 

 men, troops of the line, and of 54,992 men of 

 the national guards. The fleet, in 1870, con- 

 sisted of 12 screw-steamers, manned by a bat- 

 talion of marines, of 400 men. By the forma- 

 tion of the province of Curico, out of the 

 southern part of the province of Colchogua, 

 the number of the Chilian provinces has 

 reached fifteen. Ten of these are comprised al- 

 together in the area of land surveyed in 1866, 

 so that the figures given below may be con- 

 sidered nearly reliable : 



ProrineM. Square Milei- 



Colchagua 8,868 



Carlco 2,945 



Talca 8,595 



Maule 6,385 



Nuble 8,667 



The area of the province of Arauco is esti- 

 mated at 13,873 square miles, that of the prov- 

 ince of Concepcion at 3,589 square miles. Some 

 changes have taken place in the area and 

 boundary-lines of the southern provinces ; the 

 department of Osorno, of 1,595 miles, was 

 transferred in 1861 from Valdivia to Llanqui- 

 hue, and the department of Carelmyru, 1,892 

 square miles, from Chiloe tp Llanquihue. The 

 present area of Valdivia, according to plani- 

 metric calculations made in the Geographical 

 Institute of Justus Perthes, in Gotha, com- 

 prises 10,715 square miles ; that of Llanquihue, 

 8,334 square miles. 

 Population of the Republic at the end of 1866-'67. 



Province*. Square Miles. 



Atacama 87,934 



Coqnirabo 13,830 



Aconcagua 5,939 



Valparaiso 1,669 



Santiago 7,771 



