CHINA. 



105 



iii a Chinese dross, sho ventured to her house, 

 i Making to see the body of her doud husband. 

 a fruitless si-an-li she endeavored to get 

 to the Chinese house, but, being discov- 

 >me of Chung-how's trained troops 

 Climiu-liow Kifles), sho was killed by 

 in the street. During the afternoon, Dr. 

 r, tlio resident surgeon at Tieii-tsin, was 

 :it lacked by the mob while returning from a 

 to a sick patient in the town, and only 

 od serious ill-treatment by being mounted 

 mi a fleet horse that bore him through the 

 : . About fifty Cantonese men, who were 

 of being on intimate terms with 

 Europeans, were murdered during the excite- 

 ment, and even toward the end of the day 

 some miscreants wore prowling about the for- 

 I'iirn settlement. One of them was taken with 

 :i loadi-d pistol, -and he confessed that ho had 

 been sent to kill some of the Europeans in the 

 customs service. 



As soon as the slaughter commenced, news 

 of it was carried by the friendly Chinese to 

 the main settlement, and instantly means of 

 defence were taken. There was lying at the 

 levee the American steamship Manchu, Captain 

 Steele, and the English steamship Appin, be- 

 sides two barks and three schooners. Inas- 

 much as the deck of the Manchu commanded 

 the entire levee and the main street leading to 

 the city, it was deemed best to centralize 

 means of defence, and so eleven mounted guns 

 were procured; guns, rifles, and pistols se- 

 cured ; the ladies and children hurried on 

 board ; the citizens resolved into a patrol guard, 

 and as night closed in they awaited an attack. 

 The Chinese, informed of these preparations 

 by spies, had, however, not the courage to 

 make an attack, and thus 106 foreigners in 

 Tien-tsin were saved. On the 2Gth the English 

 gunboat Opossum arrived, putting an end to 

 nil danger. On the day before, June 25th, the 

 following Imperial decree had been published : 



In consequence of some bad people having kid- 

 napped children, and charged the missionaries' estab- 

 lishments with being implicated in this crime, it 

 came to pass that the people of Tien-tsin began to 

 entertain doubts in their minds, and created dis- 

 turbances. And further, in consequence of the 

 French Consul Fontanier having discharged a re- 

 volver in the Yamen of Chung-how, and fired a shot 

 at the citv magistrate of Tien-tsin, the excitement of 

 the people rose to such a degree that a general fight 

 ensued } in the course of which Fontanier was killed, 

 and missionary establishments set on fire and de- 

 molished. 



It appears from this, first, that Chung-how, being 

 intrusted with the management of international 

 affairs, has been unable to pacify the place; second, 

 that the Toatal of Tien-tsin, Chow-chiahsun, whoso 

 duty it was to set a good example to all the people, 

 lias not been able to prevent the outbreak before it 

 was too late ; third, that the Chifu (prefect) of Tien- 

 tsin. Chang-kuang-tsae, and the Chin-sien (city 

 magistrate) of Tien-tsin, Lui-chih, have shown an 

 utter want of skill in the fulfilment of their several 

 duties. 



It is evident that so great a disaster could never 

 have taken place but for the alleged reason, and that 

 therefore all the above-named officials must be con- 

 sidered guilty and responsible for these events. 



Tbo Ministry of Administration (Li-pu) ho 

 fora been instructed to define thu several punub- 

 iiirnt* t<> In' inllicicil upon the said otliciuln. 



Further, THciig-kwo-nin has been ordered to repair 

 t<> Tieu-tMii to institute strict iu<iuiry into the occur- 

 rences and to report upon them to tin: Kmperor. 



Again, tin regards the miserable individuals who 

 huvu been guilty of kidnapping, and the principal 

 instigators of the late dihturliun<-i->, th<-y must be 

 :irn->tc-d and punished. It will be the duty of Tseng- 

 kwo-fan, in concert with Chung-how, to execute the 

 measures necessary with regard to the latter point. 

 In thu discharge of this duty they will have to inves- 

 tigate the bottom, and to search for the root 5 they 

 must proceed with justice and without partiality, or 

 anv private considerations. 



This is our imperial will. 



The news of the massacre produced a terrible 

 state of excitement among the native popula- 

 tion of China, which exulted over it, and in 

 many places made threatening demonstrations 

 against the foreigners. At Cheefoo, Mr. Hart- 

 well, an American missionary, was seized by 

 n high mandarin, bound hand and foot, beaten 

 nearly to death, and ordered to leave the 

 province under pain of death. The Protestant 

 missionaries of Shanghai and Hong -Kong 

 signed the following address to the French 

 consul-general at Shanghai, the Comte de Me- 

 jan: 



SHANGHAI, July 5, 1870. 



We, the undersigned Protestant clergymen and 

 missionaries residing at Shanghai, lose no time in 

 writing to assure you of our profound and sincere 

 sympathy on the present occasion. At a time like 

 this one unanimous feeling of common sorrow fills 

 our hearts. The loss of the devoted men and women, 

 who have been so barbarously sacrificed at Tien-tsin, 

 is a loss to all Christendom. Deep and terrible t how- 

 ever, as is the calamity, we cling to the promise of 

 our Lord Jesus Christ, that He will be with His 

 people to the end of the world, and we are comforted 

 by the teaching of ecclesiastical history, which as- 

 sures us that " the blood of martyrs is the seed of 

 the Church." We pray that full reparation for the 

 past and better protection for the future may be se- 

 cured for those engaged in the spread of religion 

 throughout the Chinese Empire. 



The members of the Chinese embassy, at 

 that time in Europe, addressed the follow- 

 ing letter to the French Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs : 



TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY OF THE SIXTH MOON } 

 (July 27, 1870). j 



It is with a profound sentiment of grief that we 

 learned that the scenes of murder and devastation, 

 which occurred at Tien-tsin through apopular rising, 

 have been confirmed by a telegram lately received 

 from Count de Kochechouart. We have, on the other 

 hand, been semi-official ly informed that the Chinese 

 Government has confided to a functionary of elevated 

 rank and eminent capacity the care of opening an in- 

 quiry relative to these deplorable events. We do not 

 hesitate to affirm that this high personage t whoever 

 he may be, will use the greatest diligence in acquit- 

 ting himself of his mission, regulating his action on 

 treaties and laws. This is for us a reason to hope 

 that the negotiations previously commenced between 

 the Duke de Gramont and ourselves, with a view to 

 arrange, as we have done with the principal courts 

 of Europe, the bases of a durable understanding on 

 the principles of international law, and which have 

 been so unfortunately interrupted at the moment 

 they were about to be completed, will bo resumed 

 hereafter. .Under existing circumstances we propose 

 to leave Paris for Spain to-morrow. We shall shortly 



