GERMANY. 



371 



isseurs and sappers and miners, of . ne 



Iron i'"r . :K !i ivgiment of cavalry, of four 



ir each brigade of artillery, and of 



livi-ion for each battalion of the army 



Thus the array of the reserve coui- 



Tho army for garrison duty consists of 211 

 battalions of infantry, and 18 divisions of chas- 

 seurs, numbering, in all, on a peace footing, 

 3,584 men, and on a war footing, 219,502 men. 

 Tho cavalry doing garrison duty, in times of 

 war, comprises 64 squadrons, with 9,690 men, 

 while the artillery consists of 22 divisions, 

 with 88 companies and 9,782 men, on a peace 

 footing, against 184 companies and 32,200 men 

 on a war footing. The number of sappers and 

 miners assigned to garrison duty (in time of 

 war only) amounts to 3,684 men. This would 

 make a total of garrison troops, in times of 

 pence, of 13,366 men ; in times of war, of 265,- 

 082 men. The total strength of the army thus 

 amounts to : 





Of non-combatants there are 1,310 physi- 

 cians, 5 17 paymasters, 580 veterinary surgeons, 

 462 gunsmiths, and 76 saddlers. The time of 

 service in the regular army, and in the reserve 

 and landwchr, is twelve years.. On an average, 

 100,000 men are annually drafted, which, for 

 nine years of furlough, would make a total of 

 900,000 men. Deducting 15 per cent, for sick- 

 ness and mortality, there still remain 765,000 

 men, well drilled, and fit for field service. 

 Thus, even after the army has been placed on 

 a wur footing, there aro yet available 116,- 

 000 men, whose time of service has not ex- 

 pired. 



The entire German army, including the con- 

 tingents of Bavaria, Wiirtemberg, and Ba- 



den, with 153,000 men, consists of 1,128,804 

 men. 



At the commencement of the year 1870, the 

 (i> niian marine consisted of 38 screw steam- 

 ers, of 8,466 horse-power. 86,552 tons, and 320 

 gund ; seven sailing-vessels, of 5,868 tons, and 

 160 guns; 82 rowing-sloops, with two guns 

 each, 64 guns; four rowing-boats, with ono 

 gun each, four guns. Total, 81 vessels and 

 boats, with 548 guns. 



According to the original plan, there still 

 remain to be constructed up to the year 1877 : 

 11 iron-clads, 11 corvettes, seven avisos, and 

 three transports. Of these, there were in 

 course of construction, on January 1, 1870, 

 two iron-clad frigates, one iron-clad corvette, 

 one corvette, three avisos, and two steamers 

 for harbor service. The marine is under the 

 command of one admiral, one vice-admiral, 

 two rear-admirals, twenty-seven captains, and 

 one hundred and seventy-nine lieutenants and 

 second-lieutenants. 



The merchant fleet of the North-German 

 Confederation consisted, in 1870, of: 



Comprising 146 steamers, of 102,149 tons. 



The commercial interests of all the German 

 States are represented by the Zollverein (Cus- 

 toms Union), which was originally founded in 

 1828, and reestablished on a new basis by a 

 treaty of July 8, 1867, for the term of ten 

 years, from January 1, 1868, till December 81, 

 1877. Its council of administration resides in 

 Berlin. 



After the above-mentioned treaty had been 

 concluded, Lauenburg was admitted into the 

 Zollverein on January 5, 1868; the city of 

 Bergedorf, which forms part of the domain of 

 the free city of Hamburg, on February 11, 

 1868; the Austrian district of Jungholz, on 

 July 1, 1868; and the grand-duchies of Meck- 

 lenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 

 together with the free city of Ltibeck, on Au- 

 gust 11, 1868. 



The following parts of German states were 

 still excluded from the Zollverein in 1870 : Of 

 Baden, about 22 square miles, with 5,347 in- 

 habitants; of Prussia, 21 square miles, with 

 88,121 inhabitants ; of Oldenburg, 2.55 square 

 miles, with 2,591 inhabitants ; of the territory 

 of Bremen, 75.9 square miles, with 108,196 

 inhabitants; of Hamburg, 84 square miles, 

 with 270,480 inhabitants. Total area of the 

 Zollverein, 205,523 square miles; population, 

 38,302,890. 



The duties (in thalers) on imports and ex- 

 ports in the Zollverein, during the year 1869, 

 amounted to : 



