HKUTZFA, ALEXANDER. 



HINMAN, JOEL. 



385 





plu.vi. Tin- government also sold four vessels-of- 

 \v:ir, to diminish the expenses of tho republic. 

 The tii-^t sc.Wionof the Legislature under the 

 I'lthoritif* closed on September 21st. Pre- 



s to tho adjournment, a message from Presi- 

 :! 'lit Sagot was received. It contained a com- 

 pivlu-nsivo review of the situation of aft'airs in 



i-ountry, and alluded to tho fact that, al- 

 though tho revolutionary government, on its 

 accession to power, had found things in a most 

 (K'I'lorable state, order had been completely re- 

 stored. The finances of Hayti, said Sagot, were 

 ruined; but it was hoped that, by honest and 

 economical administration, the country would 

 soon retrieve its position. 



Nearly all the trade of Hayti being carried 

 on with Franco and North Germany, the Eu- 

 ropean war had a disastrous effect upon busi- 

 ness. There was, on the other hand, a decided 

 increase of importation from the United States. 

 The total imports from Boston, New York, 

 and other American ports, in 1869, did not 

 exceed $800,000 ; while, in 1870, the imports 

 of the ten months ending October 81st were 

 estimated at $1,760,000. The arrivals from 

 ports of the United States, during one month, 

 numbered 40 vessels. 



HERTZEN", ALEXANDER, an eminent Rus- 

 sian exile, revolutionist, and author, born in 

 Moscow, in 1816; died in Paris, January 21, 

 1870. He was educated at the University of 

 Moscow, and was one of its most brilliant and 

 gifted students, but in 1834, while yet an un- 

 dergraduate, lie was arrested with some of his 

 fellow-students on the charge of entertaining 

 sentiments hostile to the Russian Government, 

 and after a year's imprisonment condemned to 

 exile, and sent, first to Perm, on the Siberian 

 frontier, and subsequently to Viatka and Nov- 

 gorod. Notwithstanding his alleged offences, 

 he was authorized to enter into the civil ser- 

 vice, and occupied different administrative and 

 judicial positions up to the time when ho was 

 permitted to return to Moscow. After his re- 

 turn to his native city (about 1842), he spent 

 some years exclusively in literary pursuits, 

 and then obtained permission to make a tour 

 through Europe. From that time he lived in 

 France and England ; during the revolution of 

 February, 1848, he was in the former country, 

 in intimate communication with the leaders. 

 After a visit of some length in the south of 

 Europe, he returned to England, arid in 1851 

 established at London a revolutianary printing 

 establishment, from which he sent forth up to 

 tho day of his death a constant stream of doc- 

 uments, periodicals, newspapers, and books, 

 intended tp promote a revolution in Russia. 

 The first important work which issued from 

 his press was, " On the Development of Rev- 

 olutionary Ideas in Russia," a discussion of 

 Panslavism in 1851; next, <k Property /bap- 

 tized," an essay on the condition of the serfs, 

 1853; "Memoirs of the Empress Catharine, 

 written by herself, with an Introduction," 

 1859. "The Russian World and the Revolu- 

 VOL. i. 25 A 



tion," 8 vok, 1800-'02 ; "New Phase of Rus- 

 sian Literature," 18IU : 1'mon and Exile," 

 personal souvenirs, also in 1864 ; " Comicio 

 Roto," a narrative of his relations with Gari- 

 baldi, Mazzini, and Kossuth, 1865 ; etc. In 

 1857 ho commenced a weekly journal in tin: 

 Russian language, in London, with tho title of 

 Kolokol (The Clock), which was devoted to tho 

 dissemination of revolutionary and Pannlavic 

 opinions. In 1868 he caused a French edition 

 of it also to appear at Geneva, weekly. But 

 though nearly twenty years of his life was 

 devoted exclusively to his self-consecrated 

 revolutionary work, M. Hertzen was capable 

 of taking a high rank in other and pleasanter 

 fields Of literary labor. As an essayist, a trav- 

 eller, a novelist, and a philosopher, he had a 

 very considerable reputation, and might easily 

 have had more. His " Dilletantism in Sci- 

 ence," published in 1842, under the nom dc 

 plume "Iskander," attracted much attention 

 on its first publication in a St. Petersburg re- 

 view, and still more after its republication as a 

 volume. It was followed by a series of very 

 brilliant philosophical essays, entitled "Letters 

 upon tho Study of Nature," which were very 

 popular. In 1847 ho published two novels 

 which were widely read : " Who is to Blame? " 

 and " Doctor Krupof." In 1848 appeared his 

 "Memoirs of Travel," and in 1850 two new 

 volumes of science, travel, and philosophy, 

 combined: "The Other Side," and "Letters 

 from France and Italy." Both wore widely 

 circulated in Germany, having been translated 

 into German the year of their publication. 

 But from that time forward tho sturdy revolu- 

 tionist gave himself up exclusively to political 

 and revolutionary literature, and tho benefits 

 which his brilliant pen might have conferred 

 on mankind were lost. 



HESSE-DARMSTADT,* a grand-duchy of 

 Germany. The province of Upper-Hesse forms- 

 part of the North-German Confederation. 

 Grand-duke, Ludwig III., horn June 9, 1806 ; 

 succeeded his father, June 16, 1848. Area, 

 2,970 square miles; population, according to 

 the census of 1867, 823,138. 



In the session of the Chamber of Deputies} 

 of December 19th, the treaty for the annexation 

 of the grand-duchy to tho North-German 

 Confederation was ratified by a vote of forty 

 against three. The extraordinary credit de- 

 manded hy the Minister of War was unani- 

 mously voted. 



HtNMAN, JOEL, LL. D., a Connecticut jurist, 

 Chief Justice of tho Supreme Court of that 

 State, horn in Fairfield County, Conn., in 1802 ; 

 died in Cheshire, Conn., February 21, 1870. 

 He received a good academical education and 

 was admitted to tho New-Haven County bar 

 about 1827. He was for some years a practis- 

 ing attorney in Waterbury, Conn., but, though 



* For an account of the population of the lame citie, 

 see AMERICAN ANNUAL CTOLOPJBOIA for 18C8. An account 

 of ecclesiastical statistics and finances is given in the Cr- 

 CLOP-EDIA for 1869. 



