HUNGARY. 



387 



. Government subsequently purchased, and 

 number Hi' important documents, 

 which have served as the basis of valuable 

 s.-icnt ilii- reports and treatises. In 1850 ho 

 in. to Florence as Austrian minister, and 

 rviuuiiu-.l there till the expulsion of the Gnuul- 

 in 1859, when ho returned to Vienna. 

 IK- was tlio founder and first president of the 

 Austrian Horticultural Society, and a member 

 of the Academy of Sciences of"Vionna. His 

 published works, which ore very valuable, all 

 n-late to natural science and his explorations. 

 Tlu 1 following are the most important: "Bo- 

 tanic Archives of the Society of Horticulture 

 of the Austrian Empire," 1837; "Cashmere 

 and the Empire of the Sikhs," 4 vols., 1840-'42 ; 

 " The Basin of Cabul," 2 vols., 1851-'52 ; two 

 addresses before the Association of German 

 Naturalists, on his exploring tour, 1838 and 

 1843. Other works on botany and zoology have 

 been prepared from his collections brought 

 home in 1837. 



HUNGARY, a country of Europe, formerly 

 an independent kingdom, now united with 

 Austria under one sovereign, but separated 

 from it in point of administration.* The sepa- 

 rate budget of the Hungarian crown-lands, con- 

 sisting of Hungary, Croatia, Slavonia, Transyl- 

 vania, and the Military Frontier, also designat- 

 ed as the trans-leithan provinces, shows a total 

 revenue, for 1809, of 148,708,600 florins, against 

 an expenditure of 158,201,795 florins, leaving a 

 deficit of 9,493,195 florins. On January 1, 1870, 

 the length of railroads in operation in therans- 

 leithan provinces amounted to 1,815 miles; in 

 course of construction, 1,047 miles. The length 

 of telegraph-lines, in 1869, was 0,284 miles; 

 length of wire, 13,678 miles. 



In December, 1860, the Hungarian Diet ap- 

 proved the budget for the year ending May 31, 

 1870, and passed a law for the abolition of cor- 

 poral punishment. The Lower House, after a 

 minute scrutiny of the budget for public instruc- 

 tion, came to the conclusion that the interests 

 of the country would be best served by con- 

 ferring full authority upon the ministry to in- 

 troduce such reforms in the system of element- 

 ary schools as they might deem necessary. 

 The budget was then approved almost unani- 

 mously. Minister Eotvos presented a law on 

 liberty of conscience, and the unrestricted exer- 

 cise of every form of religion. 



A law, fixing the increase of the annual 

 share of Hungary in the common budget of the 

 empire, in consequence of the incorporation 

 of the Military Frontier with the Hungarian 

 crown-lands, was passed by 219 yeas against 12 

 nays. 



A proposition, made in the Lower House of 

 Deputies, for the prolongation of the tobacco 

 monopoly, met with violent opposition, but was 

 finally adopted upon the promise of the Minister 

 of Finance that measures would be taken for 

 its abolition in 1871. 



* For statistics of the population and common finances 

 of the Austro-Uangarian Empire, see article AUSTRIA. 



After the outbreak of the German-French 

 War, Count Andrassy, president of the minis- 

 terial council, stated, in behalf of the govern- 

 ment, that it could only occupy a position of 

 impartial benevolence toward each belligerent, 

 but that, should any other power abandon its 

 neutral attitude, Hungary might change her 

 policy. A supplementary credit of- five million 

 florins was voted by the Diet, and authorization 

 given to the government for the calling out of 

 the army contingent for 1871 if necessary. 



During the year 1870 the nationality question 

 was again agitated throughout the trans-leithan 

 provinces, and did not fail to create serious em- 

 barrassments for the ministry at Pesth. Count 

 Andrassy had to make great efforts to allay the 

 growing dissatisfaction of the Slavi. The dis- 

 content of the latter and other non-Magyar 

 nationalities was partly due to administrative 

 measures on the part of the government, partly 

 to their dream of a complete autonomy, and 

 the formation of a Croatian, Servian, and Rou- 

 manian state within the Austrian Empire. The 

 influence of the people in the neighboring states 

 of Servia and Rournania upon their brethren of 

 the same nationality in the Hungarian crown- 

 lands was not undervalued by Count Andrassy, 

 who was anxious to remain on good terms with 

 the governments of those countries. When the 

 question about the Servian fortresses was raised 

 by Turkey, the interference of Austrian diplo- 

 macy was solely due to the exertion of the Hun- 

 garian prime-minister in behalf of Servia, the 

 interests of which country he likewise served 

 through his action on the question of the pro- 

 jected Turkish railways through Servia. 



The Diet of Croatia, on May 14th, appointed 

 a committee to examine and revise the treaty 

 of compromise with Hungary. The leaders of 

 the Croatian and South Slavic parties had a 

 meeting at Sissek, when the formation of a con- 

 federation of all the South Slavic countries was 

 adopted in principle. The Sloventzi, however, 

 declined to enter into the proposed plan, while 

 the Croats opposed the union of Croatia, Sla- 

 vonia, and Dalmatia, with the western prov- 

 inces of Austria. . 



A new religious sect was established in Hun- 

 gary some ten years ago, called the Nazarenes. 

 They were at first but few in number, but 

 during the last seven or eight years have made 

 many converts, and attracted a good deal of 

 attention on the part of the government. Their 

 religious creed was for a long time wrapped up 

 in mystery, until more recently the Hungarian 

 press obtained full information concerning their 

 tenets and principles of faith. The Nazarenes 

 derive their creed exclusively from the New 

 Testament, although they do not dispute the di- 

 vine origin of the Old Testament, and acknowl- 

 edge the historical and moral value of the apoc- 

 ryphal books. They say that according to the 

 Bible there are only two sacraments, baptism 

 and the Lord's Supper. They do not baptize 

 children, because a child cannot comprehend 

 the doctrine of faith. The adults must make a 



