ILLINOIS. 



889 



ulf-lino of nine hundred fact. The 

 mrlu-s in diameter, and is intended 

 rry 1,900 miners' inches of water. Tho 

 thickness of iron used is No. 14 for 150 feet of 

 ire, Xo. 12 lor 275 feet, No. 10 for 850 

 No. 7 for 425 feet, for 600 feet, A for 

 850 foot, and f for 900 feet. The water is ad- 

 mitted at the upper end from a cistern, with 

 sand-box, etc., tor settling any sand or gravel 

 lu-ouirht in from the ditch. Tho pipe has here 

 au elbow dipping into the water to prevent 

 the entrance of any air. Fifty feet from the 

 inlet thoro is a stand-pipe to allow the es- 

 cape of any air which may have got into the 

 pipe, and to guard against an overhead of 

 \\ator. At different places, especially whore 

 depressions occur, are placed air-valves, made 

 with floats to allow the escape of air, which 

 shut on the approach of water. If the water 

 is drawn off, these open on the inside, prevent- 

 ing the collapsing of the pipe from atmospheric 

 pressure. The pipe was laid in a trench (five 

 feet deep), from one end to the other, and cov- 



with earth to preyent any undue expan- 

 sion and contraction in hot and in cold weather. 

 It docs not extend quite to the bottom of the 

 ravine, but is carried over on a truss-bridge at 

 a lii-i^ht of about 70 feet. It was laid in lengths 

 of 'J:( feet, which were riveted one to the other 

 continuously, man-holes being placed every 

 1,000 feet to allow the entrance of the work- 

 men. The rivets used were: for No. 14 iron, 

 J wire; No. 12, J; No. 11, A; No. 9, f ; and 

 No. 7, f ; driven cold. The first (J) was ma- 

 chine-riveted cold, hand- riveted hot; -f t ; f; 

 f; J, driven hot. A steam riveting-machine 

 was employed for nearly all of the pipe, giving 

 better results than the hand-labor. 



The pipe was made at the rate of 1,100 

 feet per day. The punching and shearing were 

 done by machinery expressly designed for this 

 pipe, and worked as high as 30 tons of iron 

 daily. The pipe was manufactured and laid in 

 place, and the water run through, in four 

 months. The capacity of the pipe is 1,900 

 miners' inches, or 50 cubic feet per second. 



ILLINOIS. The most important event of 

 the year in the State of Illinois has been the 

 framing of a new constitution, and its ratifica- 

 tion by the people. This work was undertaken 

 and carried through with the greatest deliber- 

 ation and care, and the result has been highly 

 satisfactory to the citizens of the State, and to 

 those interested in constitutional government 

 everywhere. The new organic law probably 

 presents one of the most complete and care- 

 fully-prepared systems now in operation, and 

 many of its features are entirely new ; intro- 

 duced after thoughtful consideration, and rati- 

 fied after a thorough public canvassing of their 

 merits. The movement for a revision of the 

 constitution was begun in 1867, when the 

 Legislature passed an act submitting to the 

 people the question of holding a convention 

 for this purpose. At the election of 1868 

 there was a large majority in favor of the re- 

 vision, and, in 1869, the Legislature took the 

 necessary steps for the election of delegates 

 and the holding of the convention. That body 

 mot on the 13th of December, and, after com- 

 pleting its organization and distributing tho 

 work of making the first drafts of the various 

 portions of tho instrument among tho appro- 

 priate committees, adjourned over the holi- 

 days. It reassembled on the 5th of January, 

 and continued its sessions until the 18th of 

 May, with tho exception of a recess of four 

 weeks, from the 17th of March to the 15th of 

 April. The provisions reported by tho differ- 

 ent committees, on which there proved to be 

 the widest differences of opinion, and conse- 

 sequently the most extended debates, were 

 finally submitted to "a separate vote of tho 

 people. 



The constitution, as finally adopted by the 

 convention, and submitted to the suffrages of 

 the electors of the State, consists of fourteen 

 articles. 



The first article simply defines the bounds 

 ries of the State. The second contains the 

 Bill of Rights. This, besides the usual guaran- 

 tees of civil and political liberty, has the fol- 

 lowing sections : 



SEC'TION 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of re- 

 ligious profession and worship, without discrimina- 

 tion, shall forever bo guaranteed : and no person 

 shall be denied any civil or political right, privilege, 

 or capacity, on account of his religious opinions ; 

 but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall 

 not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirma- 

 tions, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify prac- 

 tices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the 

 State. No person shall be required to attend or sup- 

 port any ministry or place of worship against his 

 consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to 

 any religious denomination or mode of worsh'ip. 



SEC. 4. Every person may freely speak, write, and 

 publish on all subjects, being responsible for the 

 abnse of that liberty; and, in all trials for libel, both 

 civil and criminal, the truth, when published with 

 good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a suffi- 

 cient defence. 



SEC. 13. Private property shall not be taken or 

 damaged for public use without just compensation. 

 Such compensation, when not made by the State, 

 shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall b*e prescribed 

 by law. Tho fee of laud ta*ken for railroad tracks, 

 without tho consent of the owners thereof, shall re- 

 main in such owners, subject to'the use for which it 

 is taken. 



SEC. 19. Every person ought to find a certain rem- 

 edy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he 

 may receive in his person, property, or reputation ; 

 he ought to obtain, by law, right and justice freely 

 anil without being obliged to purchase it, completely 

 and without denial, promptly and without delay. 



Article three makes the usual distribution 



