412 



ITALY. 



After the honors shall have been rendered to them, 

 they will lay down flags and arms. The officers 

 shall have a right to carry with them their swords, 

 horses, and any thing belonging to them. The for- 

 eign troops shall leave first ; the others will follow, 

 in the order of battle, with the left in front. The 

 garrison will leave to-inorrow morning, at seven. 



3. The foreign troops shall be disbanded and im- 

 mediately sent back to their respective countries. 

 They will leave to-morrow by railway. The Govern- 

 ment has the right of taking into consideration the 

 rights of pension which they might have stipulated 

 with the Papal Government. 



4. The Eoman troops will be formed at a depot 

 without arms. The Government will take into con- 

 sideration their claims as to their future situation. 



5. The troops will be forwarded to-morrow to 

 Civita Vecchia. 



6. A mixed commission will be appointed, formed 

 of an officer of artillery, one of the engineers, and a 

 functionary of the administration. The commission 

 will receive the consignment referred to in the fixed 

 article for the city of Kome. 



F. KANOLTA, Chief of Staff, Papal Army. 

 F. D. PRINCIANO, Chief of Staff, Italian Army. 

 F. CADORNA, General com' ding Italian Army. 

 Seen, approved, and ratified by the general com- 

 manding Kome. KANZLEK. 



On the same day the Cardinal Secretary of 

 State (Antonelli) delivered, by order of the 

 Pope, the following "protest" to each member 

 of the diplomatic body accredited to the Holy 

 See: 



FBOM THE VATICAN, September 20, 18TO. 



Your Excellency is well acquainted with the fact 

 of the violent seizure of the greater part of the States 

 of the Church made in June. 1859, and in the Sep- 

 tember of the following year, by the Government now 

 installed at Florence. Equally matter of notoriety 

 are the solemn reclamations and protests of the Holy 

 See against that sacrilegious spoliation; reclamations 

 and protests made either by allocutions pronounced 

 in Consistory and published in due course ; or else by 

 notes addressed in the name of the Sovereign Pontiff 

 by the undersigned Cardinal Secretary of State to the 

 diplomatic body accredited to the Holy See. 



The invading Government would assuredly not 

 have failed to complete its sacrilegious spoliation if 

 the French Government, well informed as to its am- 

 bitious projects, had not arrested them by taking un- 

 der its protection the city of Eome, and the territory 

 still remaining, and by keeping a garrison there. 



But, as a consequence of certain compacts entered 

 into between the French Government and that of 

 Florence, compacts by which it was supposed that 

 the conservation and tranquillity of the dominions yet 

 left to the Holy See would be secured, the French 

 troops were withdrawn. These Conventions, however, 

 were not respected, and in September, 1867, some ir- 

 regular bodies of men, urged forward by secret im- 

 pulses, threw themselves upon the Pontifical territory 

 with the perverse design ot surprising and occupying 

 Kome. Then it was that the French troops returned, 

 and lending a strong-handed succor to our faithful 

 soldiers who had already fought successfully against 

 the invasion, they achieved on the plains of Mentana 

 the repression of the audacious invaders, and caused 

 the complete failure of their iniquitous designs. 



Subsequently, however, the French Government, 

 having withdrawn its troops on the occasion of the 

 declaration of war against Prussia, did not neglect to 

 remind the Government of Florence of the engage- 

 ments which it had contracted by the convention 

 specified above, and to obtain from that Government 

 the most formal assurances on the subject. But the 

 fortune of war having been unfavorable to France, the 

 Government of Florence, taking advantage of those 

 reverses to the prejudice of the agreement it had en- 

 tered into, took the disloyal resolution to send an 



overpowering army to complete the spoliation of the 

 dominions of the Holy See ; although perfect tran- 

 quillity reigned throughout them, in spite of very 

 active instigations made from without, and in spite 

 of the spontaneous and continual demonstrations of 

 fidelity, attachment, and filial affection to the august 

 person of the Holy Father that were made in all parts, 

 and especially at Eome. 



Before perpetrating this last act of terrible injustice, 

 the Count Ponza di San Martino was sent to Kome as 

 the bearer of a letter written by the King Victor Em- 

 manuel to the Holy Father. That letter stated that 

 the Government of Florence, not being able to restrain 

 the ardor of the national aspirations nor the agitation 

 of the " party of action," as it is called, found itself 

 forced to occupy Eome and the territory yet remaining 

 annexed to it. Your Excellency can easily imagine 

 the profound grief and indignation which filled the 

 heart of the Holy Father when this startling declara- 

 tion was made to him. Nevertheless, unshaken in 

 the fulfilment of his sacred duties, and fully trusting 

 in Divine Providence, he resolutely rejected every 

 proposal for accommodation, forasmuch as he is bound 

 to preserve intact his sovereign power as it was trans- 

 mitted to him by his predecessors. 



In view of this fact, which has been brought to pass 

 under the eyes of all Europej and by which the most 

 sacred principles of law and right, and especially those 

 of the law of nations, are trampled under foot, his 

 Holiness has commanded the undersigned Cardinal 

 Secretary of State to remonstrate and protest loudly, 

 and the undersigned does hereby, in the sacred name 

 of his Holiness, remonstrate and protest against the 

 unworthy and sacrilegious spoliation of the dominions 

 of the Holy See, which has lately been brought to 

 pass ; and he at the same time declares the King and 

 his Government to be responsible for all the mischiefs 

 that have resulted, or shall result, to the Holy See 

 and to the subjects of the Pontifical power from that 

 violent and sacrilegious usurpation. 



In conclusion, I have the command from his Holi- 

 ness to declare, and the undersigned does hereby de- 

 clare in the august name of his Holiness, that such 

 usurpation is devoid of all effect, is null and invalid, 

 and that it can never convey any prejudice to the in- 

 disputable and lawful rights of dominion and of pos- 

 session, whether of the Holy Father himself or of his 

 successors in perpetuity ; and although the exercise 

 of those rights may be forcibly prevented and hin- 

 dered, yet his Holiness both knows his rights, and 

 intends to conserve them intact, and_ reenter, at the 

 proper time, into their actual possession. 



In apprising your Excellency officially, by com- 

 mand oftheHoly Father, of the deplorable event that 

 has just taken place, and of the protests and remon- 

 strances which necessarily follow it, in order that 

 your Excellency may be enabled to bring the whole 

 matter to the knowledge of your Government, the 

 undersigned Cardinal Secretary cherishes the persua- 

 sion that your Government will be pleased to take 

 into its earnest consideration the interest of the Su- 

 preme Head of the Catholic Church, now and hence- 

 forward placed in such circumstances that he is un- 

 able to exercise his spiritual authority with that full 

 liberty and entire independence which are indis- 

 pensable for it. 



Having now carried into effect the commands of 

 the Supreme Pontiff, it only remains that I subscribe 

 myself, etc., etc., 



[Signed] J. CAKDINAL ANTONELLI. 



On the day following the capitulation, Gen- 

 eral Kanzler issued the following address to 

 his troops : 



UFFICIALT, SOTT' TJFFICIALI E SOLDATI : The moment 

 is arrived when we are called to take leave of each 

 other and to quit the service of his Holiness, which 

 has been dearer to us than all else in the world. 



Eome has fallen ; but thanks to your valor, your 

 fidelity, and your spirit of union, it has fallen honor- 



