ITALY. 



413 



Th< TO will bo some of you. doubtless, who will 



that tin- defence was not kept up fr n longer 



time, but a letter addressed to me by his Holiness, 



i will shortly bo mado public, will explain to 



you how this happened. 



testimony of our august Pontiff which it con- 

 ill bo a consolation to all, and the best reward 

 whi.-h, under existing circumstances, your services 

 .III receive. 



Finally, it is ray duty to acquaint you that, the 

 having been disbanded by superior force, his 

 Holiness has boon pleased to release you from the 

 'f fealty. 



ti, beloved brothers in arms 1 Keep a place 

 i;i your memory for your chief, who will ever cherbh 

 an affectionate recollection of you all. 



(Signed) II Generalo pro Ministro, 



KANZLER. 



On the morning of the 22d the following 

 proclamation was posted up throughout tho 

 city : 



ROMANS ! The excellence of our right and the valor 

 of our arms have in a few hours brought me among 

 you to restore to you liberty. Now your destinies, 

 those of the nation itself, ho in your own hands. 

 Strong by your Bufferings, Italy will at least have the 

 glory of solving that great problem which has been 

 BO terrible a burden to modern society. Thanks, 

 Romans, also, in the name of tho army, for the heart- 

 felt reception you have given us 1 Continue to pre- 

 serve as you did to this day public order, because 

 without it there is no liberty possible. Romans ! the 

 morning of the 20th September, 1870, makes a mem- 

 orable epoch in history. Rome is again restored, to 

 be now and forever the great capital of a great na- 

 tion. Long live the King 1 Long live Italv ! 



R. CADC-RNA. 



After the Papal troops had left the Leonine 

 City, the Swiss and Palatine guards remain- 

 ing in accordance with the capitulation, an 

 immense crowd of people assembled in front 

 of the Vatican, waving tri-color cockades, and 

 saluting tho Papal residence with howls and 

 hisses. General Cadorna, being anxious to es- 

 tablish an administration for the conquered 

 city, accepted the assistance of the Roman 

 Popular Circle, an organization numbering 

 among its members some of the Roman noble- 

 men. He also published the following noti- 

 fications : 



1. For the necessary unity of command in all pub- 

 lic services, the commandant of the Fourth Corps 

 (FArmee, together with the superior military authori- 

 ty, will have the high direction of all the political 

 and administrative offices. 2. As was already made 

 known in the first article of the notification of the 

 12th inst., Major-Gencral Masi, charged with the 

 military command of the province, is invested with 

 the necessary power for the protection of public or- 

 der, having under his command the offices of police 

 of tho telegraphs, and the post-office. 8. The pub- 

 lic administrations continue to proceed as before 

 nothing being for the moment changed in the laws. 

 The functionaries or employe's who leave their of- 

 fices will bo considered as having resigned their 

 places. 4. Sentences will be pronounced in the name 

 of his Majesty Victor Emmanuel.by the grace of 

 God and the will of tho nation, King of Italy. 5. 

 Nothing is changed as regards the payment of taxes 

 and other revenues of the state, and as to the pay- 

 ment of public expenses. 6. Tho Italian money and 

 tho notes of the national bank will bo received aa 

 legal tender in tho public offices aud in private pay- 

 ments. 



After the installation of a provisional gov- 



ernment, commissioned by General Cadorna, 

 the prisons wero searched, and all the political 

 prisoners set free. The provisional govern- 

 ment issued a manifesto setting forth tho de- 

 tails regarding tho vlcbitcitum. The vote was 

 to be by ballot, ana tho people would have to 

 decide on the question of the " unification of 

 Italy." On October 2d the ballot was taken, 

 and declared to have resulted in an overwhelm- 

 ing majority for " unification," etc. At the 

 same time it was asserted by the established 

 press of the city that tho great mass of Roman 

 citizens declined to vote, and that the ballots 

 were chiefly cast by Italian soldiers and stran- 

 gers in the city. Five days later, a deputa- 

 tion set out for Florence to communicate to 

 King Victor Emmanuel tho result. On re- 

 ceiving them, the King said that Italy owed 

 not a little to fortune, but a great deal to the 

 evident justice of her cause. Italians were 

 now masters of their own destinies, and, after 

 being divided for so many centuries, wero 

 united in the city which was tho capital of the 

 world. His Majesty said, in conclusion, that, 

 as King and Catholic, ho had proclaimed Italian 

 unity, and remained firmly resolved to guaran- 

 tee the liberty of the Church and the inde- 

 pendence of the Sovereign Pontiff. 



The following are the terms of the treaty of 

 September 15, 1864, then still in fore between 

 Italy and France: 



ARTICLE 1. Italy agrees not to attack the present 

 territory of the Pope, and even prevent by force any 

 attack proceeding from the exterior. 



AET. 2. France will withdraw her troops gradually, 

 as the army of the Pope becomes organized. The 

 evacuation will, nevertheless, be accomplished withiu 

 two years. 



AKT. 3. The Italian Government will make no 

 protest against tho organization of a Papal armv, 

 even composed of foreign Catholic volunteers, suf- 

 ficient to maintain the authority of the Pope, and 

 tranquillity both at Rome and tho frontier of the 

 Papal States; provided, however, that this force 

 does not degenerate into a means of attack against 

 the Italian Government. 



ABT. 4. Italy declares herself ready to enter into 

 an arrangement for assuming a proportional part of 

 tho debt of the former States of the Church. 



The following protest, in Latin, was ad- 

 dressed by the Pope to each cardinal, and was 

 distributed on October 4th, in the three hun- 

 dred vestries of Rome : 



Pius IX., Pope. Beloved Son, Salutation and 

 Apostolic Benediction. Our Lord Jesus Christ, who 

 humbles and elevates, mortifies and vivifies (1 Kings 

 c. ii. v. 6), scourges and saves (Tobias, c. xiii. v. 2), 

 has recently permitted that this city of Rome, the 

 seat of the bupreme Pontificate, should fall into hos- 

 tile hands, as well as the remaining portion of tho 

 Pontifical States which the enemy had for some timo 

 considered it expedient not to usurp. Yielding to 

 tho impulse of our fatherly love toward our beloved 

 sons, tho cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and 

 seeing in them cooperators in our supreme Aposto- 

 late, we have this day resolved, in our mourning and 

 sorrow, to declare to them, as is required by the duty 

 of our ministry, and as even the voice of our con- 

 science urges us to do, the inmost feelings of our 

 soul, which makes us to detest and publicly and 

 openly to reprobate the state of things now existing. 

 We, who, although unworthy and undeserving, ex- 



