LOPEZ, FRANCISCO 8. 



LORD, NATHAN. 



451 



the commerce and industry of the country had 

 I.e. ii r.'iitiuually progressing. In 1859, a war 

 having broken out between Buenos Ay res and 

 il I'rquiza, then President of the Ar-.-n- 

 tino Confederation, Lopez the younger was 

 M nt liy his father as a mediator, and succor. !.<! 

 in otl'fcting a treaty of peace, which was con- 

 cliuK'il in San Jos6 do Flores. Lopez the elder, 

 on his death-bed, September, 186$, bequeathed 

 his power to his son, and the following month 

 Congress ratified the act. The people thought 

 <; moral Lopez would establish a free 

 ; nment, but a few of the wiser ones shook 

 their heads, lamenting the death of the old 

 dictator. Hardly had a year elapsed when 

 the \var of General Flores, in the Banda Ori- 

 ental, led the new ruler to take part in the affairs 

 of his neighbors. The war thus rashly underta- 

 ken by Lopez was destined to turn his flourishing 

 country into a desert, though such a result was 

 not yet foreseen. The Paraguayans still pur- 

 sued their peaceful labors without any appre- 

 hensions of the terrible calamity which was 

 shortly to overwhelm them. At the close of 

 1863, the culture of cotton had become gen- 

 eral among the planters. Public works were 

 Kin:,' rapidly pushed forward at Asuncion, 

 and a railroad was completed half-way to Villa 

 Rica. At this time the people and nation 

 were prosperous. The Brazilian invasion of 

 the Banda Oriental, in July, 1864, precipitated 

 events. Lopez sent an ultimatum in August, 

 declaring war against Brazil if she did not 

 withdraw her array. On the 12th of Novem- 

 ber the steamer Marquez do Olinda was cap- 

 tured in Paraguayan waters, and on the 14th 

 of December an expedition marched against 

 Matto Grosso. At this timo the Paraguayan 

 army was composed of 70,000 men, well pro- 

 vided with artillery and war material, and 

 supported by a flotilla of eight or nine steam- 

 ers. If Lopez had contented himself with 

 making war against Brazil within his own ter- 

 ritory, it is probable that he would have been 

 still ruling in Paraguay. But he was disgusted 

 with the neutrality of the Argentine Republic, 

 and, a passage for his army across the Missions 

 having been denied him, he seized two Argen- 

 tine steamers-of-war anchored in the port of 

 Corrientes. From this resulted the triple alli- 

 ance. The allies were obliged to take the 

 defensive for a year at least. Then the war 

 went on with varying success until the fall of 

 Hurnaita, in February, 1868, when the wheel 

 of fortune turned against Lopez forever. He 

 resisted for some time in Angostura, which 

 surrendered during the last month of the same 

 year, and from that time there was only a 

 guerrilla contest, the Paraguayans hurriedly 

 retiring from place to place, and constantly 

 diminishing in numbers by death or desertion. 

 Early on the morning of the 1st of March Lo- 

 pez, with one thousand men, was surprised by 

 a Brazilian force of the same size, while en- 

 camped on the left bank of the Aquidavan, a 

 stream twenty leagues to the south of the Apa, 



and, like the latter, a tributary of the Para- 

 guay. So sudden and impetuous was the 

 attack of the Brazilians that the Paraguayans 

 who guarded the artillery had no time to give 

 the least warning. Lopez, with those officers 

 who happened to be about him, tried franti- 

 cally to form his troops into line to repel t lie- 

 assault. But, before this could be done to any 

 extent the Rio Grande horse were upon him, 

 and his little party routed and driven to the 

 nearest woods, where but few escaped. Lopez 

 himself was killed in sight of General Carnara, 

 who in vain called upon him to surren-Kr. 

 The ex-dictator, already severely woundi-d, 

 obstinately refused to yield, and meanwhile 

 tried to escape. The thrust of a lance brought 

 him to the ground. Up to a very short time 

 it was believed that Lopez would escape to 

 Bolivia, and this was, without doubt, his in- 

 tention when he was overtaken by the Bra- 

 zilian forces. He saved the allies from a grave 

 responsibility by not surrendering himself, but 

 preferring to die sword in hand. 



LORD, NATHAN, D. D., LL. D., an American 

 clergyman and educator, born in Berwick, 

 Me., November 28, 1793 ; died at Hanover, N. 

 IL, September 9, 1870. He was fitted for col- 

 lege in his native place and graduated at Bow- 

 doin College in 1809, at the early age of six- 

 teen, after which he spent two years as an 

 assistant in Phillips Academy, Exeter. N. H. 

 Having devoted another year to general studies, 

 he entered the Theological Seminary at An- 

 dover, Mass., completing his course in 1815, 

 and the following year was ordained pastor of 

 the Congregational Church in Amherst, N. H., 

 where he remained twelve years. In 1828, 

 upon the resignation of the Rev. Bennet 

 Tyler, D. D., he was chosen President of Dart- 

 mouth College. At that time there were but 

 two college buildings, Dartmouth Hall, and 

 the old chapel, which latter has since been 

 turned into a stable. Under the administration 

 of President Lord, Thornton Hall, Wentworth 

 Hall, and Reed Hall, were built, a new chapel 

 was constructed in the central portion of Dart- 

 mouth Hall, and " Old Dartmouth " itself, after 

 having stood for years in a rickety and dilapi- 

 dated condition, was thoroughly repaired and 

 renovated. Under his administration several 

 new professorships were established ; among 

 them was one of Intellectual Philosophy. The 

 accomplished Daniel Oliver, one of the ripest 

 and best scholars ever connected with the col- 

 lege, gave a course of able and finished lectures 

 in this department. The professorships of the 

 Greek Language and Literature, of Astronomy 

 and Meteorology, of Modern Languages, and 

 of Natural History, were all established during 

 the presidency of Dr. Lord. In his time, too, 

 was built the observatory, and during his 

 presidency the Chandler Scientific Depart- 

 ment was founded by a gift of $50,000 by the 

 late Abiel Chandler, which at the time was 

 the largest sum that had ever been given to 

 the college. The finances, also, of the college 



